June P1 Medium
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Questions and Answers

In an open economy, which sector involves trade activities, including exports and imports?

  • Firms
  • Foreign Sector (correct)
  • Government
  • Households

What type of flow represents the movement of goods and services in the circular flow model?

  • Labor Flows
  • Money Flows
  • Real Flows (correct)
  • Financial Flows

What is the primary function of the Financial Market in the circular flow model?

  • Manages the flow of money (correct)
  • Facilitates international trade
  • Manages the flow of labor
  • Provides public services

What metric measures the total economic output at market prices?

<p>GDP (Gross Domestic Product) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which market deals in resources like labor and capital?

<p>Factor Market (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Government sector in the circular flow model?

<p>Collects taxes and injects spending (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector provides labor and resources in the circular flow model?

<p>Households (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the market that handles the trading of currencies necessary for international trade?

<p>Foreign Exchange Market (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does GNI account for?

<p>All income earned by a country's residents, adjusting for income received from abroad (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of directing government spending towards public goods and services?

<p>To encourage economic growth and stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Laffer Curve suggests that there is an optimal tax rate that:

<p>Maximizes tax revenue without discouraging economic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Two-Sector Model and the Three and Four-Sector Models?

<p>The inclusion of government and foreign transactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the multiplier in a simple two-sector model?

<p>k = 1 / (1 - MPC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of administered prices set below market equilibrium?

<p>Shortage of goods and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of bureaucracy in the public sector?

<p>Stifling innovation and responsiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the expansion phase of a business cycle?

<p>Increasing economic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest point of a business cycle?

<p>Peak (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the public sector in South Africa?

<p>To manage resources and provide services not suitable for private sector delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of factor influences business cycles, according to the Keynesian Theory?

<p>Endogenous factors, such as changes in consumer confidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge faced by the public sector in South Africa?

<p>Proper needs assessment and accountability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of monetary policy, according to the content?

<p>To stabilize economic activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fiscal policy during an economic downturn?

<p>To stimulate demand and pull the economy out of a recession (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory explains business cycles as driven by external shocks and normal market processes?

<p>Classical and Neoclassical Theories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Schumpeterian Theory in explaining business cycles?

<p>Technological innovation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the New Economic Paradigm?

<p>To smooth out the volatility in business cycles and achieve stable growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of demand-side policies?

<p>Regulating aggregate demand through fiscal stimuli or monetary adjustments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicator would confirm trends that are already in process?

<p>Lagging indicator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the national government in the public sector?

<p>Handling national affairs like defense and education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge faced by the public sector in terms of efficiency?

<p>Lack of clear performance metrics and accountability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) in the public sector?

<p>To plan over a three-year period, allowing for more predictable and strategic allocation of resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of taxation as a fiscal policy instrument?

<p>To adjust tax rates to manage economic activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the public sector in terms of economic growth?

<p>To promote sustainable growth through various sectoral supports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by state-owned enterprises in the public sector?

<p>Inefficiency due to lack of competition and accountability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the public sector in terms of income distribution?

<p>To strive for economic equity through progressive taxation and social welfare programs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the circular flow model used to illustrate?

<p>The interactions among various sectors of an open economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which market involves the trading of currencies necessary for international trade?

<p>Foreign Exchange Market (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of directing government spending towards public goods and services?

<p>To increase economic growth and stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the government sector in the circular flow model?

<p>To collect taxes and inject spending into the economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metric measures the total economic output at market prices?

<p>GDP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Laffer Curve illustrate?

<p>The relationship between tax rates and tax revenue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of flow represents the financial transactions for goods and services?

<p>Money Flows (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of administered prices set below market equilibrium?

<p>Shortages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the public sector in South Africa?

<p>To provide public goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of households in the circular flow model?

<p>To provide labor and resources, receiving income (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge faced by the public sector in South Africa?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of market deals in resources like labor and capital?

<p>Factor Market (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the multiplier effect related to in the circular flow model?

<p>The extent to which additional spending can amplify economic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of bureaucracy in the public sector?

<p>Stifling innovation and responsiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the New Economic Paradigm?

<p>To smooth out the volatility in business cycles and achieve stable growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of supply-side policies?

<p>Increasing productivity and efficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicator predicts future economic activity?

<p>Leading Indicator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the national government in the public sector?

<p>Handling national affairs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge faced by the public sector in terms of efficiency?

<p>Lack of clear performance metrics and accountability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) in the public sector?

<p>To plan over a three-year period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of taxation as a fiscal policy instrument?

<p>To adjust aggregate demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the public sector in terms of economic growth?

<p>To promote sustainable growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by state-owned enterprises in the public sector?

<p>Lack of competition and accountability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of supply-side policies in achieving economic stability?

<p>Increasing productivity and efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of understanding business cycles in economic policy?

<p>To plan and forecast economic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the prices categorized in the production, income, and expenditure approaches?

<p>The prices are categorized as Basic Prices, Factor Cost, and Market Prices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the multiplier in a simple two-sector model?

<p>k = 1 / 1 - MPC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of government in the Keynesian Theory of business cycles?

<p>To smooth out the cycles through fiscal and monetary policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the contraction phase of a business cycle?

<p>Economic indicators decline, and businesses start to slow down production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of monetary policy?

<p>To stabilize economic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Schumpeterian Theory in explaining business cycles?

<p>The role of technological innovation in causing cycles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fiscal policy during an economic downturn?

<p>To stimulate demand and pull the economy out of a recession (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of analyzing business cycles?

<p>To develop effective economic policies and strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the peak point of a business cycle?

<p>Economic activity reaches its highest point (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Goods Market in the circular flow model?

<p>To trade consumer goods and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector injects spending into the economy through public services and infrastructure?

<p>Government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the circular flow model?

<p>To illustrate the economic activities among various sectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of additional spending in the economy, according to the multiplier effect?

<p>An amplification of economic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which market is responsible for the flow of money, including savings and investments?

<p>Financial Market (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of households in the circular flow model?

<p>To provide labor and resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Real Flows and Money Flows in the circular flow model?

<p>Real Flows involve goods and services, while Money Flows involve financial transactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of monetary policy?

<p>To stabilize economic activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the metric that measures the total economic output at market prices?

<p>GDP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasizes the role of government in smoothing out business cycles?

<p>Keynesian Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest point of a business cycle?

<p>Peak (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fiscal policy during an economic downturn?

<p>To stimulate demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the multiplier in a simple two-sector model?

<p>k = 1 / (1 - MPC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the government sector in the circular flow model?

<p>To stabilize economic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Schumpeterian Theory in explaining business cycles?

<p>Technological innovation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the expansion phase of a business cycle?

<p>Increase in economic activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of factors influence business cycles, according to the Keynesian Theory?

<p>Changes in aggregate demand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of monetary policy?

<p>To stabilize economic activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the New Economic Paradigm?

<p>To smooth out the volatility in business cycles and achieve stable growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of supply-side policies?

<p>Increasing productivity and efficiency through technological advancements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of leading indicators in forecasting business cycles?

<p>To predict future economic activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by state-owned enterprises in the public sector?

<p>Lack of accountability and efficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the public sector in terms of income distribution?

<p>To strive for economic equity through progressive taxation and social welfare programs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the national government in the public sector?

<p>To handle national affairs such as defense and education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) in the public sector?

<p>To plan and manage government expenditure over a three-year period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by the public sector in terms of efficiency?

<p>Lack of clear performance metrics and accountability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of taxation as a fiscal policy instrument?

<p>To regulate aggregate demand and manage economic cycles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the public sector in terms of economic growth?

<p>To promote sustainable growth through sectoral supports (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of directing government spending towards public goods and services?

<p>To encourage economic growth and stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Laffer Curve used to illustrate?

<p>The relationship between tax rates and tax revenue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of subsidies and taxes in the public sector?

<p>Distortion of market operations and inefficiencies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of information failure in the public sector?

<p>Decisions are based on incomplete or inaccurate information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge faced by the public sector in South Africa?

<p>Efficiency and accountability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the public sector in South Africa?

<p>To manage resources and provide essential services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the Two-Sector Model and the Three and Four-Sector Models?

<p>The number of sectors considered (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of monetary policy in stabilizing economic activity?

<p>Controlling the money supply and interest rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Schumpeterian Theory, what drives business cycles?

<p>Technological innovations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phase of the business cycle is marked by an increase in economic activities?

<p>Expansion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fiscal policy during an economic downturn?

<p>Stimulating demand through government spending (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of prices are used in the production approach to calculating GNI?

<p>Basic Prices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the multiplier in a simple two-sector model?

<p>k = 1 / (1 - MPC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of factor influences business cycles, according to the Keynesian Theory?

<p>Changes in aggregate demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest point of a business cycle?

<p>Peak (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of government policy in addressing business cycles?

<p>Stabilizing economic activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of directing government spending towards public goods and services?

<p>To promote economic growth and stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Laffer Curve primarily used to illustrate?

<p>The relationship between tax rates and government revenue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of administered prices set below market equilibrium?

<p>Shortages of goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge faced by the public sector in terms of efficiency?

<p>Inefficient bureaucracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the public sector in South Africa?

<p>To manage resources and provide public goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of moral hazard in the public sector?

<p>Policies that do not align costs with benefits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the firms in the circular flow model?

<p>To utilize labor and resources to produce goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which market facilitates the flow of money, including savings and investments, via institutions like banks?

<p>Financial Market (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the circular flow model?

<p>To illustrate the economic activities among various sectors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the multiplier effect related to in the circular flow model?

<p>The extent to which additional spending can amplify economic activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of flow represents the movement of goods and services in the circular flow model?

<p>Real Flows (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector collects taxes and injects spending into the economy through public services and infrastructure?

<p>Government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the foreign sector in the circular flow model?

<p>To involve trade activities, where exports add to the economic flow and imports lead to outflows of currency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metric measures the total economic output at market prices?

<p>GDP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the New Economic Paradigm?

<p>To smooth out the volatility in business cycles and achieve stable growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of demand-side policies?

<p>Regulating aggregate demand through fiscal stimuli or monetary adjustments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of leading economic indicators?

<p>They predict future economic activity by moving ahead of the business cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of provincial governments in the public sector?

<p>Handling regional issues, funded by both national budget and their own tax revenues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge faced by state-owned enterprises in the public sector?

<p>Lack of accountability and efficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) in the public sector?

<p>To plan over a three-year period, allowing for more predictable and strategic allocation of resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of taxation as a fiscal policy instrument?

<p>To adjust tax rates to manage economic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the public sector in terms of economic growth?

<p>To promote sustainable growth through various sectoral supports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge faced by the public sector in terms of efficiency?

<p>Lack of clear performance metrics and accountability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the public sector in terms of income distribution?

<p>To strive for economic equity through progressive taxation and social welfare programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of directing government spending towards public goods and services?

<p>To encourage economic growth and stability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is illustrated by the Laffer Curve?

<p>The relationship between tax rates and tax revenue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of information failure in the public sector?

<p>Inefficient outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge faced by the public sector in South Africa?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of subsidies and taxes if not carefully managed?

<p>Distortion of market operations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the public sector in South Africa?

<p>Managing resources and providing services not suitable for private sector delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the New Economic Paradigm?

<p>To smooth out the volatility in business cycles and achieve stable growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic indicator would predict future economic activity?

<p>Leading Indicator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the public sector?

<p>To provide essential services like energy and transportation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the public sector in terms of economic growth?

<p>To promote sustainable growth through various sectoral supports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by the public sector in terms of efficiency?

<p>Lack of clear performance metrics and accountability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of taxation as a fiscal policy instrument?

<p>To regulate aggregate demand through fiscal stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) in the public sector?

<p>To plan and allocate resources over a three-year period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge faced by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the public sector?

<p>Lack of competition and accountability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fiscal policy during an economic downturn?

<p>To stimulate economic growth through fiscal stimuli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the public sector in terms of income distribution?

<p>To strive for economic equity through progressive taxation and social welfare programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the foreign sector in the circular flow model?

<p>To involve trade activities, including exports and imports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the goods market in the circular flow model?

<p>To trade consumer goods and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the circular flow model used to illustrate in an open economy?

<p>The movement of money and goods across different sectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the multiplier effect related to in the circular flow model?

<p>The extent to which additional spending can amplify economic activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the financial market in the circular flow model?

<p>To manage the flow of money, including savings and investments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of flows are involved in the circular flow model?

<p>Real and money flows (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of firms in the circular flow model?

<p>To utilize labor and resources to produce goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of national account aggregates and conversions?

<p>To measure the economic performance through different metrics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the government sector in terms of fiscal policy?

<p>To stabilize economic activity through government spending and taxation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the contraction phase of a business cycle?

<p>Businesses start to slow down production and reduce workforce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Keynesian Theory in explaining business cycles?

<p>Changes in aggregate demand influencing business cycles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of monetary policy?

<p>To utilize tools such as interest rates and control of money supply to stabilize economic activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the multiplier in a simple two-sector model?

<p>k = 1 / 1 - MPC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of directing government spending towards public goods and services?

<p>To correct market failures and provide goods and services that are underprovided by the market (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Multiplier Effect?

<p>To reveal how initial increases in government spending lead to a more significant overall increase in economic output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the peak point of a business cycle?

<p>The economy reaches its highest point of economic activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Schumpeterian Theory in explaining business cycles?

<p>To emphasize the role of technological innovation in causing business cycles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Two-Sector Model in the multiplier effect?

<p>To focus on the interactions between households and firms, with spending adjustments influenced by the marginal propensity to consume and save (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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