Questions and Answers
What is the smallest unit of life?
Cell
What are large molecules made up of smaller molecules linked together, necessary to function?
Macromolecule
What are macromolecules, such as DNA, that are used to tell the body what to make?
Nucleic acid
What are macromolecules that are able to store unused energy?
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What are macromolecules used for repair, building, and chemical reactions?
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What is the process defined as the spreading of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration?
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What is the selective diffusion of water molecules across a membrane called?
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What is the self-division of cells into two identical (genetically alike) cells?
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What is the special cell division process necessary for sexual reproduction cells?
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What is the process in which light energy, carbon dioxide, and water undergo a chemical reaction to produce glucose and oxygen?
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What is the process in which glucose and oxygen undergo a chemical reaction to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water?
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What is known as the brain of the cell?
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Study Notes
Basic Concepts in Macrobiology
- Cell: The fundamental unit of life; smallest structure capable of independent functioning.
- Macromolecule: Large and complex molecules essential for biological functions, formed by linked smaller molecules.
Types of Macromolecules
- Nucleic Acids: Includes DNA and RNA; responsible for encoding and transmitting genetic information.
- Lipids: A diverse group of hydrophobic molecules, crucial for energy storage and forming cell membranes with infinite energy storage potential.
- Proteins: Composed of amino acids; play vital roles in repairing tissues, building structures, and facilitating biochemical reactions (e.g., digestion).
Biological Processes
- Diffusion: Movement of molecules from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration, contributing to nutrient uptake and waste removal.
- Osmosis: A specific type of diffusion focused on the movement of water across semi-permeable membranes, maintaining cellular hydration and balance.
Cell Division
- Mitosis: A process where a single cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells, essential for growth and repair.
- Meiosis: A specialized form of cell division that results in four genetically diverse gametes, critical for sexual reproduction.
Energy Processes in Cells
- Photosynthesis: A process performed by chloroplasts in plants; converts light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen, enabling energy storage.
- Cellular Respiration: Occurs in mitochondria; transforms glucose and oxygen into usable energy, along with byproducts carbon dioxide and water.
Cellular Structure
- Nucleus: Often referred to as the cell's brain, it houses genetic material and regulates cellular activities, including growth and reproduction.
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential macrobio concepts with these flashcards. Covering key terms such as cells, macromolecules, nucleic acids, and lipids, this quiz will help reinforce your understanding of biological units and their functions. Perfect for students of life sciences at any level!
