MicroBio Exam II - Ch 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

List three general features of fungal anatomy.

Ribosomes, mitochondria, cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, storage vacuole.

Differentiate among the terms heterotroph, saprobe, and parasite.

A heterotroph gains nutrients from organic materials, a saprobe acquires nutrients from dead organisms, and a parasite lives on a living organism.

Explain the relationship between fungal hyphae and the production of a mycelium.

Hyphae are long, branching filaments that collectively form mycelium.

Describe two ways in which fungal spores arise.

Fungal spores arise asexually or sexually; asexual formation includes sporangiospores and conidiospores. Signup and view all the answers

List two detrimental and two beneficial activities of fungi from the viewpoint of humans.

Detrimental: Cause serious infections, pathogenic to crops. Beneficial: Decompose organic materials, used in antibiotics and vitamins. Signup and view all the answers

Note the protozoan characteristics that illustrate why they are informally placed into a single group.

Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that demonstrate mobility and heterotrophy. Signup and view all the answers

List three means of locomotion exhibited by protozoa.

Flagellar movement, ciliary movement, amoeboid movement. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why a cyst stage may be useful in a protozoan.

It helps protozoa survive in adverse conditions like high temperature, scarcity of food, lack of oxygen, and toxic chemicals. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a human disease caused by each of the four types of protozoa.

Amoeboid: Entamoeba histolytica (amoebiasis), Ciliated: Balantidium coli (balantidiosis), Flagellated: Giardia lamblia (giardiasis), Nonmotile: Plasmodium vivax (malaria). Signup and view all the answers

List the two major groups of helminths and provide examples representing each body type.

Platyhelminthes (flatworms): blood fluke, pork tapeworm; Nematodes (roundworms): ascaris, guinea worm, trichina worm, pin worm. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the stages of a typical helminth life cycle.

The life cycle typically includes egg, larval, and adult stages, with a life span of 1 to 8 years. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fungal Anatomy

Fungi possess ribosomes, mitochondria, a cell wall, a cell membrane, a nucleus, a nucleolus, a Golgi apparatus, and storage vacuoles.

Nutritional Strategies

Heterotrophs derive nutrients from organic materials.
Saprobes obtain nutrients from decaying organic matter, found in soil and water.
Parasites live on or within a living host organism.

Fungal Hyphae & Mycelium

Hyphae are filamentous structures that branch out and collectively form mycelium, the main vegetative body of fungi.

Fungal Spore Formation

Spores arise from asexual reproduction (e.g., sporangiospores and conidiospores) or sexual reproduction, enabling variation and dispersal.

Human Impact of Fungi

Beneficial roles include decomposing organic matter and producing antibiotics, alcohol, and vitamins.
Detrimental effects include causing infections in humans and being pathogenic to crops like corn and wheat, leading to financial loss.

Characteristics of Protozoa

Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes showcasing animal-like traits, including mobility and heterotrophic nutrition.

Protozoan Locomotion

Protozoans exhibit movement through flagella, cilia, or amoeboid motion.

Cyst Stage in Protozoa

Cysts enable protozoa to endure harsh conditions such as extreme temperatures, food scarcity, low oxygen, moisture absence, and chemical toxicity.

Human Diseases Caused by Protozoa

Amoeboid: Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis via contaminated water and food.
Ciliated: Balantidium coli leads to balantidiosis affecting the intestines.
Flagellated: Giardia lamblia causes giardiasis, also transmitted through contaminated water and food.
Nonmotile: Plasmodium vivax is responsible for malaria, transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito.

Helminth Classification

Major groups include Platyhelminthes (flatworms like blood flukes and pork tapeworms) and Nematodes (roundworms like ascaris, guinea worm, and pinworm).

Helminth Life Cycle

Adult helminths have life spans ranging from 1 to 8 years; they can be hermaphrodites or sexually differentiated.
Life cycle includes egg, larval, and adult stages.

Description

Test your knowledge of fungal anatomy and ecological roles in this quiz. You'll explore the features that define fungi and understand various nutritional terms such as heterotroph, saprobe, and parasite. Perfect for exam preparation or as a study aid!