LESSON 16 multiple Lymphoid Organs
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the lymphoid system?

  • To aid in digestion
  • To produce red blood cells
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To protect the body against biological agents (correct)

    • Which organs are considered primary lymphoid organs in mammals?

  • Peyer's patches and tonsils
  • Bursa of Fabricius and haemolymph nodes
  • Spleen and lymph nodes
  • Bone marrow and thymus (correct)

    • What characterizes the secondary lymphoid organs?

  • They produce hormones for the body
  • They lack a capsule and are called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (correct)
  • They are involved in muscle coordination
  • They store excess nutrients for the body

    • Which organ is of a lymphoepithelial nature?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do T lymphocytes differentiate and undergo proliferation?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells produce polypeptides that support T cell differentiation and proliferation in the thymus?

    <p>Reticulo-epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ participates in B cell genesis and differentiation in birds?

    <p>Bursa of Fabricius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphoid organ has a rounded sac shape and is located near the cloaca in birds?

    <p>Bursa of Fabricius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the Bursa of Fabricius approximately two months after birth?

    <p>It undergoes involution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for B cell genesis and differentiation in mammals?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells present antigens to B cells in secondary follicles?

    <p>Follicular dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of follicles consist of a reticular fiber network, reticular cells, follicular dendritic cells, and lodged B and T cells?

    <p>Primary follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do TL-CFUs differentiate into T lymphocytes before colonizing the T areas of secondary lymphoid organs?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the medulla in the thymus?

    <p>Differentiated T cell storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cortex in the thymus?

    <p>T cell differentiation and proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

    <p>Protecting the mucosa from pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary constituents of the germinal center of secondary lymphoid follicles?

    <p>Lymphoblasts, large and small B cells, some T cells, and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Peyer's patches located?

    <p>Small intestine and ileocecal valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lymphoid tissue are isolated lymphoid follicles in the bronchi a part of?

    <p>MALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells primarily make up the mantle of secondary lymphoid follicles?

    <p>Memory B cells and some T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the tonsils primarily composed of?

    <p>Lymphoid tissue and epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a location for diffuse lymphocyte infiltrations?

    <p>Central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What different regions can be differentiated in Peyer's patches?

    <p>(1) Dome, (2) Lymphoid follicle, (3) Interfollicular area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of isolated or groups of lymphoid follicles such as Peyer's patches?

    <p>Primary site for B cell development in ruminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from protecting the mucosa from pathogens, what is another function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

    <p>Preventing the systemic immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lies below the epithelium in the tonsils?

    <p>(1) Lymphoid tissue, (2) Interfollicular areas of diffuse lymphoid tissue mainly composed of T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure consists of areas with deep invaginations called tonsillar crypts?

    <p>Tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the genesis and differentiation of the lymphoid cells take place, becoming immunocompetent?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a primary lymphoid organ in mammals?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of follicles consist of a reticular fiber network, reticular cells, follicular dendritic cells, and lodged B and T cells?

    <p>Secondary follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the secondary lymphoid organs encapsulated and form a true organ?

    <p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the primary constituent of the germinal center of secondary lymphoid follicles?

    <p>Lymphoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the tonsils located on the tongue and oropharynx?

    <p>Smooth surface and squamous stratified epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lies below the epithelium in the tonsils?

    <p>Interfollicular areas of diffuse lymphoid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells primarily make up the mantle of secondary lymphoid follicles?

    <p>Memory B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes large accumulations of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa in the digestive system?

    <p>Isolated lymphoid follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Peyer's patches located?

    <p>Lamellae propria of the small intestine and ileocecal valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) apart from protecting the mucosa from pathogens?

    <p>Development of B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ participates in B cell genesis and differentiation in mammals?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary constituents of the primary lymphoid organs in mammals?

    <p>Hematopoietic stem cells and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ has a rounded sac shape and is located near the cloaca in birds?

    <p>Bursa of Fabricius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells produce polypeptides that support T cell differentiation and proliferation in the thymus?

    <p>Thymic epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do TL-CFUs differentiate into T lymphocytes before colonizing the T areas of secondary lymphoid organs?

    <p>Cortex in the thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the medulla in the thymus?

    <p>Contain reticulo-epithelial cells and interdigitating cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do T lymphocytes differentiate and undergo proliferation?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells primarily make up the mantle of secondary lymphoid follicles?

    <p>Reticular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Peyer's patches located?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What different regions can be differentiated in Peyer's patches?

    <p>Antigen-presenting region and germinal center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ participates in B cell genesis and differentiation in birds?

    <p>Bursa of Fabricius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cortex in the thymus?

    <p>Test immature T cells for self-recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for B cell genesis and differentiation in mammals?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

    <p>Protect mucosa from pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lies below the epithelium in the tonsils?

    <p>Lymphoid follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the secondary lymphoid organs encapsulated and form a true organ?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells produce polypeptides that support T cell differentiation and proliferation in the thymus?

    <p>Reticulo-epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The thymus is a lobed parenchymal organ where T lymphocytes differentiate and undergo proliferation, independent of antigenic stimulation.

    • TL-CFUs differentiate into T lymphocytes in the thymus and leave to colonize the T areas of secondary lymphoid organs.

    • The thymus develops earlier than other lymphoid organs (e.g., spleen and lymph nodes).

    • Each thymic lobe is surrounded by a thin capsule of connective tissue and subdivided into lobules (pseudolobules) with a cortex and medulla.

    • The cortex, made of T cells and macrophages, contains large lymphocytes (immature T cells) that undergo proliferation and are tested for self-recognition.

    • The medulla, made of differentiated T cells and macrophages, contains reticulo-epithelial cells (stellate-shaped cells), interdigitating cells (antigen-presenting cells), and Hassall's corpuscles.

    • Reticulo-epithelial cells produce polypeptides that support T cell differentiation and proliferation.

    • The cortex contains a continuous capillary barrier, the blood-thymus barrier, which prevents differentiating lymphocytes from contacting antigens.

    • The thymus undergoes involution, transforming into a mass of adipose tissue with few remaining lymphocytes and reticulo-epithelial cells.

    • The Bursa of Fabricius is a lymphoepithelial organ in birds that participates in B cell genesis and differentiation, with a functional equivalent being the bone marrow.

    • The Bursa of Fabricius has a rounded sac shape and is located near the cloaca, with mucosa folds containing columnar pseudostratified epithelium and lymphoid follicles.

    • Each follicle has a cortex and medulla, and undergoes involution approximately two months after birth.

    • Primary lymphoid organs, such as the bone marrow, are responsible for B cell genesis and differentiation in mammals.

    • Secondary lymphoid organs contain lymphoid follicles, with primary and secondary follicles differing in morphology and function.

    • Primary follicles consist of a reticular fiber network, reticular cells, follicular dendritic cells, and lodged B and T cells.

    • Follicular dendritic cells present antigens to B cells.

    • Secondary follicles are formed after antigenic stimulation and contain germinal centers where B cells undergo somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination.

    • The thymus is a lobed parenchymal organ where T lymphocytes differentiate and undergo proliferation, independent of antigenic stimulation.

    • TL-CFUs differentiate into T lymphocytes in the thymus and leave to colonize the T areas of secondary lymphoid organs.

    • The thymus develops earlier than other lymphoid organs (e.g., spleen and lymph nodes).

    • Each thymic lobe is surrounded by a thin capsule of connective tissue and subdivided into lobules (pseudolobules) with a cortex and medulla.

    • The cortex, made of T cells and macrophages, contains large lymphocytes (immature T cells) that undergo proliferation and are tested for self-recognition.

    • The medulla, made of differentiated T cells and macrophages, contains reticulo-epithelial cells (stellate-shaped cells), interdigitating cells (antigen-presenting cells), and Hassall's corpuscles.

    • Reticulo-epithelial cells produce polypeptides that support T cell differentiation and proliferation.

    • The cortex contains a continuous capillary barrier, the blood-thymus barrier, which prevents differentiating lymphocytes from contacting antigens.

    • The thymus undergoes involution, transforming into a mass of adipose tissue with few remaining lymphocytes and reticulo-epithelial cells.

    • The Bursa of Fabricius is a lymphoepithelial organ in birds that participates in B cell genesis and differentiation, with a functional equivalent being the bone marrow.

    • The Bursa of Fabricius has a rounded sac shape and is located near the cloaca, with mucosa folds containing columnar pseudostratified epithelium and lymphoid follicles.

    • Each follicle has a cortex and medulla, and undergoes involution approximately two months after birth.

    • Primary lymphoid organs, such as the bone marrow, are responsible for B cell genesis and differentiation in mammals.

    • Secondary lymphoid organs contain lymphoid follicles, with primary and secondary follicles differing in morphology and function.

    • Primary follicles consist of a reticular fiber network, reticular cells, follicular dendritic cells, and lodged B and T cells.

    • Follicular dendritic cells present antigens to B cells.

    • Secondary follicles are formed after antigenic stimulation and contain germinal centers where B cells undergo somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination.

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