Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems - Chapter 21.1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

  • To bring excess fluid to the bloodstream and filter pathogens from the blood (correct)
  • To coordinate the adaptive immune response
  • To absorb dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
  • To destroy pathogens

    • What is the role of lymph nodes in the immune system?

  • They are where the innate immune response is coordinated
  • They are where phagocytic cells are produced
  • They are major staging areas for the development of the critical immune response (correct)
  • They are the site of lymphocyte production

    • What is the main difference between the innate and adaptive immune responses?

  • The innate response is rapid but non-specific, while the adaptive response is slower but more specific (correct)
  • The innate response destroys pathogens, while the adaptive response absorbs dietary lipids
  • The innate response uses phagocytic cells, while the adaptive response uses lymphocytes
  • The innate response is coordinated by lymph nodes, while the adaptive response is coordinated by the spleen

    • What is the primary function of B cells in the adaptive immune response?

    <p>To produce plasma cells that bind to specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do all leukocytes (white blood cells) originate from?

    <p>The red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues or organs does NOT have lymph vessels?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lymph nodes?

    <p>To filter lymph and remove debris and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are lymphoid nodules typically found?

    <p>Respiratory and digestive tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

    <p>Housing lymphoid follicles in various body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do tonsils swell during an active immune response to infection?

    <p>As a protective mechanism against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main cell types found in lymph nodes?

    <p>Dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, and T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do efferent lymphatic vessels differ from afferent lymphatic vessels?

    <p>Efferent vessels carry lymph away from the lymph node while afferent vessels bring it in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are antibodies ineffective against viruses?

    <p>Because antibodies can't penetrate the cell where the virus is located.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of pathogens is described as having the ability to combine gene segments from two different pathogens?

    <p>Mutation ability like the flu virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disease is associated with the most serious inherited type of combined B and T cell deficiency?

    <p>SCID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does HIV/AIDS impact the immune system?

    <p>By wiping out the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may occur when the immune response is either too weak or too strong?

    <p>Immunodeficiency or overactive response diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment option is mentioned for severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) in the text?

    <p>Gene therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)?

    <p>To provide a barrier against inhaled pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is known to induce apoptosis in an infected cell?

    <p>Natural killer cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Perforins in the immune response?

    <p>Inducing apoptosis in infected cells by creating holes in their membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the Innate Immune Response?

    <p>T cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes vasodilation and capillary permeability during the inflammatory response?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for tagging a pathogen for phagocytosis?

    <p>Opsonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens bind to protein antigens?

    <p>&quot;Viral&quot; antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells express class II MHC molecules for antigen presentation?

    <p>&quot;Professional&quot; antigen presenting cells only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) do in the immune system?

    <p>Recognize specific pathogens or stressed/damaged cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cell is attracted via chemotaxis and acts as reinforcements?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial response time for the immune system against pathogens?

    <p>A few days and weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cell regulates the activity of macrophages and other T cells?

    <p>Helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of regulatory T cells in the immune response?

    <p>Suppress other T cell immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do B cells recognize antigens?

    <p>Without needing MHC and antigen presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibody is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma cells in the immune response?

    <p>Secrete antibodies until they die</p> Signup and view all the answers

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