34 Questions
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
To bring excess fluid to the bloodstream and filter pathogens from the blood
What is the role of lymph nodes in the immune system?
They are major staging areas for the development of the critical immune response
What is the main difference between the innate and adaptive immune responses?
The innate response is rapid but non-specific, while the adaptive response is slower but more specific
What is the primary function of B cells in the adaptive immune response?
To produce plasma cells that bind to specific antigens
Where do all leukocytes (white blood cells) originate from?
The red bone marrow
Which of the following tissues or organs does NOT have lymph vessels?
Bone marrow
What is the function of lymph nodes?
To filter lymph and remove debris and pathogens
Where are lymphoid nodules typically found?
Respiratory and digestive tracts
What are the functions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?
Housing lymphoid follicles in various body parts
Why do tonsils swell during an active immune response to infection?
As a protective mechanism against pathogens
What are the main cell types found in lymph nodes?
Dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, and T cells
How do efferent lymphatic vessels differ from afferent lymphatic vessels?
Efferent vessels carry lymph away from the lymph node while afferent vessels bring it in
Why are antibodies ineffective against viruses?
Because antibodies can't penetrate the cell where the virus is located.
Which characteristic of pathogens is described as having the ability to combine gene segments from two different pathogens?
Mutation ability like the flu virus.
What disease is associated with the most serious inherited type of combined B and T cell deficiency?
SCID
How does HIV/AIDS impact the immune system?
By wiping out the immune system.
Which condition may occur when the immune response is either too weak or too strong?
Immunodeficiency or overactive response diseases.
What treatment option is mentioned for severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) in the text?
Gene therapy
What is the main function of Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)?
To provide a barrier against inhaled pathogens
Which cell type is known to induce apoptosis in an infected cell?
Natural killer cell
What is the role of Perforins in the immune response?
Inducing apoptosis in infected cells by creating holes in their membranes
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Innate Immune Response?
T cell
What causes vasodilation and capillary permeability during the inflammatory response?
Prostaglandins
Which molecule is responsible for tagging a pathogen for phagocytosis?
Opsonization
What type of antigens bind to protein antigens?
"Viral" antigens
Which cells express class II MHC molecules for antigen presentation?
"Professional" antigen presenting cells only
What does a Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) do in the immune system?
Recognize specific pathogens or stressed/damaged cells
Which immune cell is attracted via chemotaxis and acts as reinforcements?
Neutrophils
What is the initial response time for the immune system against pathogens?
A few days and weak
Which type of T cell regulates the activity of macrophages and other T cells?
Helper T cells
What is the function of regulatory T cells in the immune response?
Suppress other T cell immune responses
How do B cells recognize antigens?
Without needing MHC and antigen presenting cells
Which class of antibody is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis?
IgE
What is the main function of plasma cells in the immune response?
Secrete antibodies until they die
Explore the anatomy of the lymphatic and immune systems in Chapter 21.1, covering topics such as immune system cells, lymphatic system functions, lymph composition, and the role of lymph nodes in immune response.
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