Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems - Chapter 21.1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

  • To bring excess fluid to the bloodstream and filter pathogens from the blood (correct)
  • To coordinate the adaptive immune response
  • To absorb dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
  • To destroy pathogens

What is the role of lymph nodes in the immune system?

  • They are where the innate immune response is coordinated
  • They are where phagocytic cells are produced
  • They are major staging areas for the development of the critical immune response (correct)
  • They are the site of lymphocyte production

What is the main difference between the innate and adaptive immune responses?

  • The innate response is rapid but non-specific, while the adaptive response is slower but more specific (correct)
  • The innate response destroys pathogens, while the adaptive response absorbs dietary lipids
  • The innate response uses phagocytic cells, while the adaptive response uses lymphocytes
  • The innate response is coordinated by lymph nodes, while the adaptive response is coordinated by the spleen

What is the primary function of B cells in the adaptive immune response?

<p>To produce plasma cells that bind to specific antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do all leukocytes (white blood cells) originate from?

<p>The red bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues or organs does NOT have lymph vessels?

<p>Bone marrow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lymph nodes?

<p>To filter lymph and remove debris and pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are lymphoid nodules typically found?

<p>Respiratory and digestive tracts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

<p>Housing lymphoid follicles in various body parts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do tonsils swell during an active immune response to infection?

<p>As a protective mechanism against pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main cell types found in lymph nodes?

<p>Dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, and T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do efferent lymphatic vessels differ from afferent lymphatic vessels?

<p>Efferent vessels carry lymph away from the lymph node while afferent vessels bring it in (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are antibodies ineffective against viruses?

<p>Because antibodies can't penetrate the cell where the virus is located. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of pathogens is described as having the ability to combine gene segments from two different pathogens?

<p>Mutation ability like the flu virus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease is associated with the most serious inherited type of combined B and T cell deficiency?

<p>SCID (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does HIV/AIDS impact the immune system?

<p>By wiping out the immune system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may occur when the immune response is either too weak or too strong?

<p>Immunodeficiency or overactive response diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment option is mentioned for severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) in the text?

<p>Gene therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)?

<p>To provide a barrier against inhaled pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is known to induce apoptosis in an infected cell?

<p>Natural killer cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Perforins in the immune response?

<p>Inducing apoptosis in infected cells by creating holes in their membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Innate Immune Response?

<p>T cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes vasodilation and capillary permeability during the inflammatory response?

<p>Prostaglandins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is responsible for tagging a pathogen for phagocytosis?

<p>Opsonization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens bind to protein antigens?

<p>&quot;Viral&quot; antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells express class II MHC molecules for antigen presentation?

<p>&quot;Professional&quot; antigen presenting cells only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) do in the immune system?

<p>Recognize specific pathogens or stressed/damaged cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cell is attracted via chemotaxis and acts as reinforcements?

<p>Neutrophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial response time for the immune system against pathogens?

<p>A few days and weak (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cell regulates the activity of macrophages and other T cells?

<p>Helper T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of regulatory T cells in the immune response?

<p>Suppress other T cell immune responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do B cells recognize antigens?

<p>Without needing MHC and antigen presenting cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antibody is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis?

<p>IgE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasma cells in the immune response?

<p>Secrete antibodies until they die (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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