Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems Chapter 21

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What is the primary function of plasma cells?

To secrete chemokines and attract other immune cells
To destroy cells infected with intracellular pathogens
To secrete soluble antibodies (correct)
To differentiate into B cells

Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid organ?

Red bone marrow
Bone marrow
Lymph nodes (correct)
Thymus

What is the primary function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?

To secrete chemokines and attract other immune cells
To differentiate into plasma cells
To provide an innate immune response against viruses and some cancers (correct)
To secrete soluble antibodies

Where do B cells develop?

In the red bone marrow (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the thymus gland over time?

It begins to shrink at birth and may be completely gone by age 120 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

To filter pathogens from the blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells make up the lymph nodes?

Lymphocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does lymph fluid move through the lymphatic system?

Lymph moves through one-way valves in the lymphatic vessels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of B cells in the immune system?

To produce plasma cells that bind to specific antigens (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues or organs does NOT have lymphatic vessels?

Liver (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the lymphatic system and the immune system?

The lymphatic system transports and filters pathogens for the immune system (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lymph nodes?

To filter lymph fluid and remove debris and pathogens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the spleen in the immune system?

The spleen has extensive vascularization and is known as the 'filter of the blood'. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tonsils in the immune system?

Tonsils are important in developing immunity to oral pathogens. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels in relation to lymph nodes?

The afferent vessels bring lymph fluid into the lymph node, and the efferent vessels take it away. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

MALT contains lymphoid follicles in the gastrointestinal tract, breast tissue, lungs, and eyes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between lymph nodes and lymphoid nodules?

Lymph nodes have a fibrous capsule, while lymphoid nodules do not. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dendrites in the immune system?

Bring antigen to regional lymph nodes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which process refers to a mature T cell recognizing an antigen and dividing rapidly by mitosis?

Clonal expansion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Helper T cells in the immune system?

Enhance other immune responses by secreting cytokines (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cells regulate the activity of B cell differentiation into plasma cells that produce antibodies?

Th2 cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the negative selection process in T cell maturation?

Thymocyte undergoes apoptosis if it binds to self-antigens (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do Cytotoxic T cells kill target cells in the immune system?

Bind to class I antigen expression (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)?

To protect against inhaled pathogens (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the barrier defenses?

Macrophages (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutrophils in the innate immune response?

To phagocytize pathogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is involved in the opsonization of pathogens?

Complement proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of prostaglandins in the inflammatory response?

To cause vasodilation and increase pain sensitivity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adaptive immune response is responsible for recognizing and attacking a wide variety of pathogens?

T cell-mediated response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules?

To present antigens to T cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigen is typically presented by class II MHC molecules?

Extracellular antigens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of natural killer cells in the innate immune response?

To induce apoptosis in infected cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between acute and chronic inflammation?

Acute inflammation is a short-term response, while chronic inflammation is ongoing (D) Signup and view all the answers