Micro W10: Infections of the Respiratory System

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What is the primary function of the ciliary escalator in the respiratory tract?

To transport microbes and dust up to the pharynx (correct)

To provide a warm, moist environment for microbial growth

To filter airborne particles from entering the lungs

To aid in the diffusion of gases across alveolar membranes

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for an infection of the respiratory system to occur due to an exogenous agent?

A sufficient number of infectious agents must be inhaled

The infectious agents must be airborne or contained in droplet nuclei

The host must be completely healthy with no existing normal flora (correct)

The infectious organism must remain alive and viable while in the air

Streptococcal infections include which of the following?

Whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Strep throat or streptococcal pharyngitis (correct)

Which bacteria is most commonly associated with normal flora in the respiratory system?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Scarlet fever?

High fever and strawberry tongue Signup and view all the answers

What condition increases the likelihood of normal flora causing secondary infections in the respiratory tract?

Injury to respiratory mucosa by viruses Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory tract is responsible for gas diffusion?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which step is first in the process of a respiratory infection from an exogenous agent?

Inhalation of infectious agents Signup and view all the answers

What organism is responsible for Q Fever?

Coxiella burnetii Signup and view all the answers

How is Q Fever primarily transmitted to humans?

Inhalation of contaminated dust Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent human disease caused by a viral infection?

Common cold Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with influenza but not typically with the common cold?

High fever Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary driver of fatality in Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome?

Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)?

SARS-CoV-1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of COVID-19?

Cytokine storm Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of influenza infections?

Viral pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common treatment for the common cold?

Rest and fluids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary characteristic of pulmonary aspergillosis?

Fungal infection from inhaled spores Signup and view all the answers

From which source can Histoplasmosis be primarily contracted?

Soil around old chicken houses Signup and view all the answers

Which group is particularly susceptible to complications from respiratory infections?

Immunocompromised persons Signup and view all the answers

What is a known effect of m-RNA vaccines developed for COVID-19?

Stimulating an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Gram-positive, encapsulated alpha-hemolytic Diplococcus Signup and view all the answers

Which group is most at risk for severe disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Individuals over 60 with chronic conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary transmission method for Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Respiratory droplets from person-to-person Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding Chlamydophila pneumoniae?

It can lead to severe bronchitis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark symptom of pertussis (whooping cough)?

A distinct 'whoop' sound during coughing Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for developing tuberculosis (TB)?

Close contact with infected individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment for Klebsiella pneumoniae infections?

Intravenous antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is responsible for causing whooping cough?

Bordetella pertussis Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is typically caused by prolonged exposure to contaminated water mist?

Legionellosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of inhalation anthrax?

Initial symptoms resemble common cold but progress to severe respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

What role does the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine play?

It reduces the incidence of serious disease caused by some strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Signup and view all the answers

What is a known contributing factor for the emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Overuse of antimicrobial agents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom common to sinusitis?

Fever, congestion, and sore throat Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Staphylococcal pneumonia?

Usually hospital- or institution-acquired Signup and view all the answers