Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which activity is an example of biotechnology?
Which activity is an example of biotechnology?
- Escherichia coli producing human insulin
- Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors (correct)
- A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria
- Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that?
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that?
- A specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
- Microbes are found on dust particles
- A specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease (correct)
- Microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?
Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?
- Species
- Genus
- Kingdom (correct)
- Family
The smallest and most significant taxon is?
The smallest and most significant taxon is?
Current evidence indicates that bacteria and archaea existed on Earth for approximately 2 billion years before eukaryotes appeared.
Current evidence indicates that bacteria and archaea existed on Earth for approximately 2 billion years before eukaryotes appeared.
A scientific theory, like the theory of evolution, is just our best guess at explaining a scientific phenomenon, but a theory cannot be considered fact.
A scientific theory, like the theory of evolution, is just our best guess at explaining a scientific phenomenon, but a theory cannot be considered fact.
All microorganisms are considered pathogens.
All microorganisms are considered pathogens.
Viruses are not classified in any of Whittaker's five kingdoms.
Viruses are not classified in any of Whittaker's five kingdoms.
All of the following are polysaccharides except?
All of the following are polysaccharides except?
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?
Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?
The most important outcome of polypeptide intrachain bonding and folding is the unique shape of the protein.
The most important outcome of polypeptide intrachain bonding and folding is the unique shape of the protein.
If a hypothesis is accepted, then the findings become a scientific law.
If a hypothesis is accepted, then the findings become a scientific law.
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
Organisms were classified into kingdoms as they were defined. Which list reflects the order of discovery of the kingdoms as we know them today?
Organisms were classified into kingdoms as they were defined. Which list reflects the order of discovery of the kingdoms as we know them today?
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called
Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?
Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
The acceptance or rejection of a hypothesis is based on a series of educated guesses and options. Once the option is widely accepted, it becomes a theory.
The acceptance or rejection of a hypothesis is based on a series of educated guesses and options. Once the option is widely accepted, it becomes a theory.
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
Which of the following structures are possessed by some but not all prokaryotes?
Which of the following structures are possessed by some but not all prokaryotes?
Which of the following bacterial appendages is not used for attachment?
Which of the following bacterial appendages is not used for attachment?
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called _____.
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called _____.
A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has _____.
A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has _____.
Flashcards
Biotechnology Example
Biotechnology Example
Escherichia coli producing human insulin is an example showing how biotechnology uses microorganisms for human benefit.
Koch's Postulates
Koch's Postulates
A set of criteria to establish that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.
Taxonomy Hierarchy
Taxonomy Hierarchy
Kingdom is the top, species the smallest and most important taxon.
Bacteria/Archaea Existence
Bacteria/Archaea Existence
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Scientific Theories
Scientific Theories
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Microorganisms & Pathogens
Microorganisms & Pathogens
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Viral Classification
Viral Classification
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Polysaccharides vs. Prostaglandins
Polysaccharides vs. Prostaglandins
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Saturated Fats
Saturated Fats
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DNA vs. RNA
DNA vs. RNA
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Protein Shape
Protein Shape
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Hypothesis vs. Law
Hypothesis vs. Law
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Cell Structures (universal)
Cell Structures (universal)
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Kingdom Classification Order
Kingdom Classification Order
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Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering
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Anthrax Discovery
Anthrax Discovery
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Phospholipid Tails
Phospholipid Tails
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Hypothesis Evaluation
Hypothesis Evaluation
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Prokaryotic Complexity
Prokaryotic Complexity
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Prokaryotic Structures
Prokaryotic Structures
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Bacterial Appendages
Bacterial Appendages
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Spirochete Locomotion
Spirochete Locomotion
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Bacterial Chemotaxis
Bacterial Chemotaxis
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Study Notes
Biotechnology Example
- Example of biotechnology: Escherichia coli producing human insulin.
- Natural process: Bacteria in soil secrete antibiotics to compete.
Koch's Postulates
- Establishes that a specific microbe is responsible for a specific disease.
- Important in linking pathogens to diseases.
Taxonomy
- Kingdom is the top level in the taxonomic hierarchy, containing all other taxa.
- Species is the smallest and most significant taxon in classification.
Bacterial and Archaeal Existence
- Bacteria and archaea existed for approximately 2 billion years before eukaryotes.
Scientific Theories
- Scientific theories are robust explanations based on evidence and are considered facts, not mere guesses.
Microorganisms
- Not all microorganisms are pathogens; many play beneficial roles.
Viruses Classification
- Viruses do not fit into any of Whittaker's five kingdoms.
Polysaccharides
- Prostaglandins in inflammation are not polysaccharides; others like glycogen and cellulose are.
Fats and Fatty Acids
- Saturated fats have fatty acid chains with only single bonds between carbons.
DNA vs. RNA
- Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA; RNA contains uracil instead.
Protein Structure
- Unique protein shape results from polypeptide bonding and folding.
Hypothesis vs. Law
- Acceptance of a hypothesis does not automatically result in a scientific law.
Cell Structures
- All cells possess ribosomes, DNA, and a cytoplasmic membrane; not all have a nucleus.
Kingdom Classification Order
- The order of discovery for biological kingdoms: plants and animals, protista, monera, fungi.
Genetic Engineering
- Manipulation of microbial genes is termed genetic engineering.
Anthrax Discovery
- Robert Koch identified Bacillus anthracis as the cause of anthrax.
Phospholipid Structure
- Hydrophobic tails in phospholipids are formed by fatty acids.
Hypothesis Acceptance
- Evaluating hypotheses involves educated guesses; widely accepted options become theories.
Prokaryotic Complexity
- Bacteria and archaea, despite lacking a membrane-bound nucleus, are organized but simpler than eukaryotes.
Prokaryotic Structures
- Some prokaryotes can possess one or more chromosomes in addition to ribosomes and cell membranes.
Bacterial Appendages
- Flagella are not used for attachment; slime layers, pili, and fimbriae serve that purpose.
Spirochete Locomotion
- Spirochetes move by periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) which provide twisting and flexing movement.
Chemotaxis in Bacteria
- Bacterial cells exhibiting chemotaxis typically have flagella for movement towards or away from chemicals.
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