Lower Respiratory Tract Structure and Function Quiz

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What is the importance of the pleura in the lower respiratory tract?

Helps with lubrication and allows for smooth movement during breathing.

Describe the composition of the diaphragm.

Primarily made up of muscle (domed-shaped) and connective tissue.

Explain the branching of the tracheobronchial tree.

The trachea branches into the primary bronchi, which further divide into secondary bronchi, then into bronchioles.

Identify the lung lobation patterns of different species.

Lobation patterns vary among species, such as humans having 5 lobes (3 on the right, 2 on the left) and dogs having 4 lobes. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between pulmonary and systemic blood supply to the lungs.

Pulmonary blood supply is responsible for oxygenating blood in the lungs, while systemic blood supply provides oxygenated blood to lung tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Recall the segmentations of the lungs.

Lungs are divided into lobes which are further divided into segments. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the innervation of the diaphragm.

Innervated by the phrenic nerve (C3-C5) which controls its contraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply to the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trachealis muscle?

To control the diameter of the trachea Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium lines the respiratory mucosa?

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Where does the trachea run from and to within the thoracic cavity?

From cricoid cartilage to bifurcation at base of heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical term for the openings in the diaphragm?

Diaphragmatic openings Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the pleura?

Reduce friction, ventilation of lungs, prevent pleurisy/pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

Which species may have a tracheal bronchus?

Pigs and ruminants Signup and view all the answers

Name the parts that the parietal pleura consists of.

Costal pleura, mediastinal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cupula pleurae and why is it vulnerable to injury?

It extends beyond the thoracic inlet and is vulnerable due to its location. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dorsal vagal trunk?

Innervates the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What are the two pleural recesses found in the canine thorax?

Costodiaphragmatic recess, Costomediastinal recess Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important respiratory muscle in the body?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Name the parts of the diaphragm.

Central Tendon, Muscular periphery, Lumbar vertebrae (crura), Caudal ribs, Sternum Signup and view all the answers

What is the arterial supply of the diaphragm?

Musculophrenic artery Signup and view all the answers

What two types of blood supply do the lungs receive?

Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that demarcates lobules of lung tissue in some animals?

Connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thoracic duct?

Drains lymph from the cisterna chyli Signup and view all the answers

Which lung lobe is not subdivided in dogs and horses?

Cranial lobe Signup and view all the answers

What are the structures that attach the lungs at the root (hilus)?

Primary bronchus, Pleurae, Arteries and veins, Nerves Signup and view all the answers

What defines the lobation of the lungs in the cranial view of canine lungs?

CCAU DRCADI Signup and view all the answers

What determines the color of lungs?

Amount of blood in lung tissue Signup and view all the answers

What makes lung surfaces expandable with no fixed size or shape?

Soft spongy texture Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the lobules of lung tissue in some animals?

Framework in carnivores, Horse, and Sheep; Distinct connective tissue in Pig and Cow; Only the cranial and middle lobes are demarcated in Goat Signup and view all the answers