Mercy Test
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Mercy Test

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Questions and Answers

What age group is at risk for developing diverticulosis?

  • Adults over 40 years (correct)
  • Elderly under 65 years
  • Children under 12 years
  • Young adults aged 18-25

    • What type of diet is a known cause for diverticulosis?

  • High fat diet
  • High fiber diet
  • Balanced diet
  • Low fiber diet (correct)

    • What is a common complication associated with colitis?

  • Hemorrhoids
  • Toxic megacolon (correct)
  • Gastroparesis
  • Irritable bowel syndrome

    • What symptom indicates that rehydration has been successful for a patient with diarrhea?

    <p>Increased urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the priority nursing action for a patient with appendicitis?

    <p>Watch for signs of perforation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of medications is typically used to treat glaucoma?

    <p>Beta blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is presbycusis hearing loss primarily caused by?

    <p>Age-related changes in the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients with diabetes avoid heat during foot care?

    <p>It can cause burns without sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would a nurse care for a patient with a UTI? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Encourage increased fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Abdominal pain and cramping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nurse is teaching a patient how to prevent constipation. What should the nurse include?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ototoxic medication can cause hearing loss?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the triad of symptoms for Meniere's disease?

    <p>Hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sensorineural hearing loss caused by?

    <p>Damage to the hair cells in the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an actual nursing diagnosis and a 'Risk for' diagnosis?

    <p>An actual nursing diagnosis represents a current health problem while a 'Risk for' diagnosis represents a potential health issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is controlled by reducing the risk factors?

    <p>Type 2 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms (S/S) of glaucoma? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would the nurse teach a patient with glaucoma?

    <p>It is important to take your eye drops as prescribed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assessment finding would be a concern for an RN in a patient with Age-related Macular Degeneration?

    <p>Decreased central vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evaluation step in the nursing process?

    <p>Determining the effectiveness of the interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a registered nurse (RN) increase patient compliance during teaching sessions?

    <p>By providing clear and concise instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should steroids be administered during the day?

    <p>In the morning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of Graves' disease?

    <p>Weight loss, palpitations, heat intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs or symptoms that would indicate a need to increase a patient's dosage of levothyroxine? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reaction should a patient contact their doctor about while taking sulfasalazine?

    <p>Difficulty breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following interventions can help spontaneously pass renal calculi? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Increased fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to teach a patient about pyelonephritis during pregnancy?

    <p>Symptoms may include fever, chills, and back pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Trup-CBI refer to in the context of Lower GI Diseases?

    <p>Prevent or Remove clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in post-operative teaching for a patient who has undergone a cystoscopy?

    <p>Drink plenty of fluids to flush out the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? (alfuzosin, doxazosin, Terazosin, Tamsulosin, prazosin)

    <p>They increase urinary flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of polycystic kidney disease?

    <p>Genetic disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration in the care of a patient with Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI)?

    <p>Ensure adequate hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between open and closed fractures, and contusions, sprains, strains, and dislocations?

    <p>Open fractures break the skin, while closed fractures do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key differences between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus?

    <p>RA primarily affects joints while lupus can affect multiple organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment (TX) for achalasia?

    <p>Botulinum toxin injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are risk factors for GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are common interventions for managing gastritis? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Antacids and proton pump inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lower GI

    • Diverticulosis risk increases in individuals over 40 years old.

    • Low-fiber diets contribute significantly to the development of diverticulosis.

    • Diverticulitis arises from the inflammation of diverticula in the colon, often due to trapped fecal matter.

    • Toxic Megacolon is a severe complication associated with Ulcerative Colitis.

    • Patients on Sulfasalazine should report any signs of a rash, fever, or worsening symptoms, indicating a possible reaction.

    • Common symptoms of Crohn's disease include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue.

    • To prevent constipation, advise patients to increase dietary fiber and hydration, and engage in regular physical activity.

    • Successful rehydration after diarrhea can be observed through improved urine output, normalized skin turgor, and decreased thirst.

    • Symptoms of appendicitis typically include right lower quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.

    • Patients with Crohn's disease are at increased risk for bowel obstruction or fistulas.

    • Monitor electrolyte levels, particularly potassium and sodium, in patients experiencing loose watery stools.

    Sensory

    • Beta-blockers and prostaglandin analogs are classes of medications used to treat glaucoma.

    • Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss caused by degeneration of inner ear structures or auditory nerve pathways.

    • Ototoxic medications that can lead to hearing loss include certain antibiotics, chemotherapy agents, and high doses of aspirin.

    • Concerning assessment findings for age-related macular degeneration include blurred vision, central vision loss, or signs of retinal damage.

    • Teach glaucoma patients the importance of adhering to prescribed eye drops and regular eye exams to manage intraocular pressure.

    • Symptoms of open-angle glaucoma include gradual vision loss, tunnel vision, and halos around lights.

    • Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the hair cells in the cochlea or to the auditory nerve.

    • The triad of symptoms for Meniere's disease includes tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing loss.

    Nursing Process

    • Actual nursing diagnoses describe current health problems, while "Risk for" diagnoses indicate potential future issues.
    • The evaluation step of the nursing process involves assessing the patient's progress and the effectiveness of the care plan.

    Diabetes

    • Type 2 diabetes is often managed by reducing risk factors such as obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity.
    • Patients should avoid heat exposure on their feet due to the risk of burns or injury from decreased sensation.

    Teaching

    • Enhancing patient compliance can be achieved through tailored education, simplifying information, and involving patients in their care plans.
    • Steroids should generally be taken in the morning to mimic the body’s natural cortisol release, reducing potential side effects.

    Thyroid

    • Common symptoms of Graves' disease include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, tremors, and increased appetite.
    • Dosage of levothyroxine may need to be increased if symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as fatigue, weight gain, or cold intolerance, worsen.

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    Description

    Prepare for your final exam with this comprehensive study guide focusing on lower gastrointestinal diseases. Explore key topics such as diverticulosis, diverticulitis, and the associated complications of GI diseases. This guide is essential for understanding patient management and dietary recommendations.

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