Diverticulosis Overview

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What is the most pathogenic component of gluten?

MHC class II

tTG

IgA antibodies

Gliadin (correct)

Which cells mediate tissue damage in individuals with celiac disease?

Antigen presenting cells

Helper T cells (correct)

B cells

Natural killer cells

What is the classic presentation of celiac disease in adults?

Chronic diarrhea and bloating (correct)

Abdominal distension and failure to thrive

Increased intraepithelial lymphocytes

Skin vesicles (dermatitis herpetiformis)

What do IgA antibodies against in celiac disease?

Endomysium Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small bowel is most prominently affected by damage in celiac disease?

Duodenum Signup and view all the answers

How do symptoms of celiac disease typically resolve?

With a gluten-free diet Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic presentation of colonic diverticula?

Abdominal pain with bloating and flatulence Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of colonic polyp?

Hyperplastic polyps Signup and view all the answers

What genetic mutation is associated with the formation of adenomatous polyps?

APC mutations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of achalasia?

Damage to ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of colonic polyp is benign but has premalignant potential?

Adenomatous polyps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of achalasia?

Increased risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dietary fiber in managing symptoms related to disturbed intestinal motility?

Improves symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What happens in portal hypertension that leads to dilation of the esophageal vein?

Back up of the left gastric vein into the esophageal vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of hyperplastic colonic polyps on microscopy?

'Serrated' appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by reflux of acid from the stomach due to reduced LES tone?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Signup and view all the answers

'Bird-beak' sign on barium swallow study is associated with which condition?

Achalasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of death in cirrhosis?

Rupture of dilated esophageal varices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor associated with the development of diverticula?

Straining during bowel movements Signup and view all the answers

Where do diverticula typically arise in the colonic wall?

Along the vasa recta in the muscularis propria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications can arise from a diverticulum causing attachment to a local structure?

Appendicitis-like symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic presentation of angiodysplasia rupture?

Hematochezia in an older adult Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the colon is most commonly affected by ischemic colitis?

Cecum and right colon Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder results in thin-walled blood vessels and bleeding, especially in the mouth and GI tract?

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of screening for colorectal carcinoma?

To detect cancer early and remove adenomatous polyps before carcinoma develops Signup and view all the answers

How does left-sided colorectal carcinoma usually present?

As a 'napkin-ring' lesion with decreased stool caliber and left lower quadrant pain Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with right-sided colorectal carcinoma?

Iron-deficiency anemia and vague pain Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'T' in the staging of colorectal carcinoma represent?

Depth of invasion Signup and view all the answers

Which serum tumor marker is useful for assessing treatment response and detecting recurrence in colorectal carcinoma?

CEA Signup and view all the answers

At what age does screening for colorectal carcinoma usually begin?

50 years Signup and view all the answers