Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of cocaine as a vasoconstrictor?

  • Inhibiting noradrenaline release
  • Stimulating noradrenaline re-uptake
  • Inhibiting noradrenaline re-uptake (correct)
  • Stimulating noradrenaline release

    • What is the main difference between amino esters and amino amides?

  • Their potency
  • Their duration of action
  • Their breakdown site (correct)
  • Their mechanism of action

    • Which of the following is NOT a use of local anaesthetics?

  • Skin abrasions
  • Ingestion for pain relief (correct)
  • Epidurals
  • Dental procedures

    • What is the reason why local anaesthetics are often combined with vasoconstrictors?

    <p>To reduce bleeding at the site of injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between procaine and tetracaine?

    <p>Their duration of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of amino esters?

    <p>Broken down by cholinesterase enzymes in the extracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholinesterase enzymes in the breakdown of local anaesthetics?

    <p>Breaking down amino esters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to understand pain pathways and action potentials to understand the mechanisms of action of local anaesthetics?

    <p>Because local anaesthetics act on the pain pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of metabolization of some local anesthetics in the plasma?

    <p>Hydrolysis by pseudocholinesterase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local anesthetic is known to cause methaemoglobinemia due to its metabolism?

    <p>Prilocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nociceptors in the body?

    <p>Detection of noxious stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following local anesthetics is known to produce profound anesthesia and is substantially more cardiotoxic?

    <p>Bupivacaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of local anesthetics on voltage-gated sodium channels?

    <p>Binding to the channel from the inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between lidocaine and prilocaine?

    <p>Vasodilation properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of articaine over other local anesthetics?

    <p>Greater lipid solubility and diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the cytosol in the mechanism of action of local anesthetics?

    <p>Binding site for local anesthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum safe dose of lidocaine in a dental formulation?

    <p>500mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local anaesthetic has the shortest duration of action?

    <p>Mepivacaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication of high doses of prilocaine?

    <p>Methamoglobinaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of bupivacaine in dentistry?

    <p>Epidurals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lipid solubility of articaine?

    <p>pKa 7.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local anaesthetic has the highest potency?

    <p>Bupivacaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum safe dose of articaine in a dental formulation?

    <p>Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the form of the local anaesthetic necessary for penetration of both tissue and nerve membranes?

    <p>B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of benzocaine in dentistry?

    <p>Topical anaesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the LA when it enters the nerve axon?

    <p>It binds to the inactivation site of the Na+ channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the equilibrium between BH+ and B?

    <p>The pH of the tissues and the pKa of the anaesthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an acidic pH on LA potency?

    <p>It reduces the potency of LAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of pKa in pharmacology?

    <p>It is the pH at which 50% of the drug is ionised and 50% is present as a base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a higher pKa on the onset of anaesthetic action?

    <p>It decreases the speed of onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of greater lipid solubility on anaesthetic potency?

    <p>It increases both the potency and duration of anaesthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drawback of greater lipid solubility?

    <p>It decreases the therapeutic index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset of action of benzocaine and lidocaine topical anaesthetics?

    <p>Approx. 1-2 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action of benzocaine and lidocaine topical anaesthetics?

    <p>Approx. 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak effect of benzocaine and lidocaine topical anaesthetics?

    <p>At 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depth of penetration of benzocaine and lidocaine topical anaesthetics?

    <p>Approx. 2-3mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lipid solubility of benzocaine and lidocaine topical anaesthetics?

    <p>Poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a complication of benzocaine and lidocaine topical anaesthetics?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active ingredient in Bonjela Adult Gel that provides pain relief?

    <p>Choline Salicylate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum age for using Anbesol?

    <p>12 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

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