Anatomy LE 5: Cerebral Cortex and Higher Cortical Functions

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Which gyrus is associated with the primary motor area?

Postcentral gyrus

Cingulate gyrus

Parahippocampal gyrus

Precentral gyrus (correct)

Which Brodmann area is responsible for detecting loudness and pitch of sound?

BA 22

BA 41 (correct)

BA 4

BA 44

What is the function of Wernicke's area?

Detects loudness and pitch of sound

Designs speech movement patterns

Interprets sound (correct)

Executes speech movement patterns

Which Brodmann area is responsible for executing speech movement patterns?

BA 44, 45 Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe is associated with motor functions?

Frontal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

Executes speech movement patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which Brodmann area is associated with the parietal lobe?

Unknown Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the primary auditory cortex?

Detects loudness and pitch of sound Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the cerebrum comprised of the cerebral cortex?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the commissural nerve fibers?

Connecting the homologous areas of the two hemispheres Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the darker area at the periphery of the cerebrum?

Gray matter Signup and view all the answers

How many major lobes are there in the brain?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What type of agnosia involves the inability to recognize objects visually?

Visual agnosia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the association nerve fibers?

Connecting areas in the same hemisphere Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is associated with tactile agnosia?

Supramarginal gyrus (BA 40) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the folds or convolutions in the brain?

Gyri Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the white matter?

Myelinated nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic ofAuditory agnosia?

Inability to recognize specific sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the minor lobe located at the base of the brain?

Insula/Central lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the lesion associated with Visual agnosia?

Temporal aspect of the visual unimodal association area Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Apraxia?

Loss of ability to correctly carry out movements in response to stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the lesion associated with Auditory agnosia?

Posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus (BA 22) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between intentional and unintentional actions in Apraxia?

Unintentional actions are possible, but intentional actions are not Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature among different types of agnosias?

Intact receptors and senses Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to perform a complex motor task despite being aware of the task that is intended to be performed?

Ideomotor apraxia Signup and view all the answers

What type of apraxia is characterized by a failure to carry out sequences of acts?

Ideational apraxia Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the visual pathway is responsible for interpreting stimuli from the primary visual cortex and other cortical areas?

Secondary visual cortex (BA 18, 19) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the primary visual cortex?

BA 17 Signup and view all the answers

What type of apraxia results in the inability to execute acquired movements?

Motor apraxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for difficulty initiating and smoothly continuing movements needed for walking?

Gait apraxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the primary visual cortex in terms of its physical characteristics?

Depends on the intensity of light Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the secondary visual cortex?

Medial and lateral surfaces of the hemisphere Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the left cerebral hemisphere?

Language perception, speech, and analytical thinking Signup and view all the answers

At what age is cerebral dominance typically established?

10 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the 'thinking brain'?

Dominant hemisphere Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the right cerebral hemisphere?

Facial recognition and spatial perception Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a 5-year-old suffers a massive injury on the left side of the brain?

The child will develop language on the right side of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the dominant hemisphere in relation to handedness?

It determines the dominant hand Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Brodmann area 41?

Primary auditory cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a lesion in Brodmann area 18?

Achromatopsia (inability to match colors and hues) Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome for a 6-year-old who suffered damage to the arcuate fasciculus?

Loss of language comprehension Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the 'artistic brain'?

Right cerebral hemisphere Signup and view all the answers