Liver Metabolism of Drugs and Bilirubin Process
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following plasma proteins is negatively regulated during the Acute Phase reaction?

  • Ceruloplasmin
  • C3
  • Albumin (correct)
  • A1AT

What is the function of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in lipid metabolism?

  • Exports dietary triglycerides to tissues
  • Delivers triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver to tissues (correct)
  • Delivers cholesterol from tissues back to the liver
  • Derived from chylomicrons in the intestine

Which of the following metabolic wastes is primarily detoxified in the urea cycle?

  • Bilirubin
  • Ammonia (correct)
  • Urea
  • Urobilinogens

What is the main function of hepatic cell signaling in bile production?

<p>Communication within liver cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipoprotein is responsible for the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues back to the liver?

<p>HDL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of bile in the digestive system?

<p>Emulsifying fats for absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bile salts derived from cholesterol in the liver?

<p>Solubilization of excreted lipids in bile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bile salts aid in digestion?

<p>By forming micelles to solubilize excreted lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Chylomicrons in lipid metabolism?

<p>Deliver dietary triglycerides to tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of bile gives feces its characteristic color?

<p>Urobilinogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of impaired gluconeogenesis caused by liver failure or genetics?

<p>Excessive muscle glycolysis leading to lactic acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs in the liver to make drugs more polar for excretion?

<p>Conjugation with glucuronic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are bile salts reabsorbed in the terminal ileum?

<p>To recycle them back to the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme system is responsible for chemical modification of drugs in the liver?

<p>Cytochrome P-450 system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of urobilinogens in eliminating waste from the body?

<p>Giving color to feces and urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is urea cycle dysfunction related to liver function?

<p>It can lead to ammonia accumulation and neurological symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of high density lipoproteins in liver function?

<p>They deliver cholesterol to the liver for processing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of impaired bilirubin excretion by biliary obstruction?

<p>Accumulation of bilirubin in the blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is ammonia detoxified in the liver?

<p>Metabolized through the urea cycle into urea. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if glucose metabolism is impaired in the liver?

<p>Development of lactic acidosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does portal hypertension impact liver function?

<p>It results in increased pressure in the portal vein system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is a dysfunction in the production of acute phase proteins?

<p>Reduced ability to combat inflammation and infection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does estrogen affect liver function?

<p>It mediates the binding of hormones and coagulation proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ALT and AST enzymes in the liver?

<p>To indicate liver injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which liver enzyme is more specific to the liver due to its presence in the liver cells?

<p>ALT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of an elevated INR in liver disease?

<p>Indicates easy bleeding and clotting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which liver function test is used as a marker of portal hypertension?

<p>Platelets count (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hepatocytes in systemic catabolic states?

<p>Release glucose into systemic circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme confirms that elevated ALP is from the liver or biliary tree and not from other sources like bone or placenta?

<p>GGT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of lactic acidosis known as Type A?

<p>Hypoxia or ischemia in muscle tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an elevated level of bilirubin suggest in the context of liver function?

<p>Liver injury or cholestasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the liver store nutrients such as carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and trace metals?

<p>To use them for energy production during times of need (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the liver to synthesize plasma proteins?

<p>To contribute to blood clotting mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the liver contribute to maintaining normal blood glucose concentration?

<p>By producing glucose from lactate through gluconeogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition would most likely lead to lactic acidosis due to impaired gluconeogenesis?

<p>Liver failure or genetic disorders affecting gluconeogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation would excessive muscle glycolysis most likely result in lactic acidosis?

<p>Intense physical exercise like weightlifting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in liver metabolism?

<p>Generation of ATP from oxidative phosphorylation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why doesn't the liver synthesize immunoglobulins?

<p>Because bone marrow is responsible for immunoglobulin production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does insulin play in regulating blood glucose levels?

<p>Promotes conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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