29 Questions
Which symptom is characteristic of hepatocellular and cholestatic jaundice?
Itching that is more severe in the morning
Why might portal hypertension lead to bleeding from ruptured esophageal veins?
Impaired coagulation due to liver damage
What is the effect of decreased synthesis of clotting factors in hepatic failure?
Decreased ability to form clots
What is a common cause of abdominal swelling according to the text?
Reduced synthesis of albumin
Why is ammonia accumulation mentioned in relation to hepatic encephalopathy?
It causes dry mouth and nausea
How does vit.K malabsorption contribute to hematoma formation according to the text?
Reduces clotting factor production
What is the main reason for the occurrence of xanthelasma near the inner canthus of the eyelid?
Liver disorder affecting lipid metabolism
Which physical examination finding is associated with a disorder of estrogen inactivation in the liver?
Telangiectasia (spider veins)
What could be an indication of anasarca in severe cases?
Abdominal swelling
Which condition is characterized by one or more fingers becoming permanently bent in a flexed position?
Dupuytren's contracture
What is the typical response of someone in a state of stupor during a physical examination?
Delayed and inappropriate answers
What is the characteristic feature of telangiectasia during a physical examination?
Small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes
What is the main reason for an increase in GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) levels according to the text?
Acute viral hepatitis
Which condition is NOT associated with an increase in GPT/ALT (alanine aminotransferase) levels as per the text?
Pancreatitis
In which condition would you expect to find an elevated De Ritis index (GGT/GOT ratio) according to the text?
Liver cirrhosis
What is the main reason for an increase in AST (aspartate aminotransferase) levels according to the text?
Myocardial infarction
Which condition is NOT linked to anemia with normocytic normochromic characteristics according to the text?
Folic acid deficiency
What diagnostic test involves inserting a long needle through the skin into the liver and then injecting a radiopaque contrast agent into a bile duct in the liver?
ERCP
What does an elevated MCV (mean corpuscular volume) indicate according to the text?
Folic acid deficiency
Which imaging technique can detect collections of pus and fatty liver disorders uniformly throughout the liver?
MRCP
What procedure allows for biopsies and certain treatments to be done during the examination because an endoscope is used?
ERCP
Which of the following can provide images of the bile ducts and nearby structures?
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Which diagnostic test shows blood flow, providing information about blood vessel disorders?
MRI
In which diagnostic test is a radiopaque contrast agent injected through a tube into the biliary tract, while x-rays are taken of the biliary tract and pancreatic duct?
ERCP
What is a characteristic laboratory finding associated with posthepatic jaundice?
Elevated GGT
Which of the following symptoms is typically NOT associated with hepatic failure?
Weight gain
What is a key symptom that occurs during the later stage of hepatic failure?
Abdominal distension from ascites
Which of the following is a sign of upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with hepatic failure?
Asterixis (hand tremor)
Apart from jaundice, what other clinical finding is commonly associated with hepatic failure?
Loss of appetite
Test your knowledge on the correlation between liver enzymes GPT/ALT and the severity of liver damage, as well as the implications of increased GOT/AST levels in various conditions like hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.
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