Liver Enzymes and Function Tests

An enzyme involved in the breakdown of amino acids, specifically converting alanine to pyruvate.

A liver-specific enzyme that can also be found in bone.

An enzyme primarily found in the heart and liver, but also present in other tissues.

A specific form of AST found in the heart, often used as part of cardiac marker panels.

A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of various phosphate esters, including those found in bone.

A specific form of ALP found in the liver. Elevated levels can indicate liver damage or dysfunction.

A process that generates a colored complex, allowing the measurement of enzyme activity.

A reagent used in a colorimetric reaction to intensify the color of the complex.

A reagent used in a colorimetric reaction to initiate the formation of a colored complex.

A method used to measure enzyme activity based on the colorimetric reaction.

A type of enzyme that plays a crucial role in transporting lipids (fats) around the body.

Variations of the same enzyme found in different tissues. They have similar functions but differ in their structure and properties.

An isoenzyme of Alkaline Phosphatase found in high levels during cancer. It is also present in the placenta.

A technique used to separate molecules based on their charge and size. Different isoenzymes of Alkaline Phosphatase can be distinguished using this method.

The degree to which a molecule moves towards the positive electrode (anode) during electrophoresis.

The liver isoenzyme of Alkaline Phosphatase is the fastest in electrophoresis, followed by bone, placenta, and finally intestine, which is the slowest.

Lectin, a protein found in wheat germ, can be added to improve separation of the liver and bone isoenzymes during electrophoresis.

Neuraminidase is an enzyme that can also be used to enhance the separation of liver and bone isoenzymes during electrophoresis.

A test that uses heat to determine the stability of different alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes.

The most heat-stable alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme, resisting denaturation up to 65°C for 30 minutes.

An isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase found in high concentrations in the intestines, liver, and bone. It has moderate heat stability.

The most heat-labile alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme, easily denatured by heat.

A test that utilizes specific chemicals to inhibit the activity of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes.

A common inhibitor of several alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes, including placental, Regan, Nagao, and intestinal.

A synthetic form of urea, which specifically inhibits bone alkaline phosphatase activity.

An enzyme found in red blood cells (RBCs) that helps prevent oxidative damage. It's crucial for maintaining RBC integrity.

A deficiency in G-6-PD can lead to hemolysis, or the breakdown of red blood cells.

This enzyme is found in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver, pancreas, and myocardium.

An enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor.

Elevated ACE levels can indicate the presence of sarcoidosis, a chronic inflammatory disease.

An enzyme found in liver cells, particularly in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, involved in the transport of amino acids and peptides.

An increase in GGT activity due to factors other than liver damage, such as enzyme-inducing drugs.

An increase in GGT levels due to damage in the pancreas, often seen in conditions like acute pancreatitis.

A substance that is acted upon by an enzyme in a chemical reaction.

The reaction of ALP can be interfered with by phosphorus, requiring careful considerations in measurement.

A specific form of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) produced by the placenta during pregnancy.

Placental ALP is a useful indicator for detecting germ cell tumors, particularly those in the reproductive organs.

5' Nucleotidase (5'N) is an enzyme that can be used to detect liver problems. When levels are elevated, it may indicate cholestatic disorders. It is especially helpful to identify liver issues as other enzymes can be found in other parts of the body, such as the bone.

5' Nucleotidase (5'N) levels can increase in cholestatic disorders, a condition where bile flow is blocked.

Acid Phosphatase (ACP) is an enzyme found in several different parts of the body, including prostate, bone, and platelets.

Acid Phosphatase (ACP) is an enzyme found in several different parts of the body, including prostate, bone, and platelets. It is useful in detecting prostatic cancer or recurrence. ACP is also employed to help differentiate liver problems from bone issues.

Acid Phosphatase (ACP) is fractioned into 5 bands: B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5. Each band is associated with a specific location.

Band 1 (B1) of ACP originates in the Prostate.

Band 2 (B2) of ACP is predominantly found in White Blood Cells.

Band 3 (B3) of ACP stems from Platelets. Elevated levels of ACP can suggest Thrombocytopenia, a condition where platelet counts are low.