Life-Span Development and Life Expectancy
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between prenatal trimesters and the germinal/embryonic/fetal periods?

  • The germinal and embryonic periods both occur during the first trimester, with the fetal period spanning the end of the first and all of the second and third trimesters. (correct)
  • The germinal and embryonic periods occur exclusively in the second trimester, while the fetal period comprises the third trimester.
  • The three trimesters occur during the germinal period. The embryonic and fetal periods occur after the three trimesters.
  • The germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods each align perfectly with one of the three trimesters.

The neural tube's failure to close during prenatal development can result in which of the following conditions?

  • Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia
  • Phenylketonuria (PKU) and Tay-Sachs disease
  • Down syndrome and autism
  • Anencephaly and spina bifida (correct)

What is the correct order of the following four phases of prenatal brain development?

  • Formation of the neural tube, neurogenesis, neural connectivity, neural migration
  • Neurogenesis, formation of the neural tube, neural migration, neural connectivity
  • Formation of the neural tube, neurogenesis, neural migration, neural connectivity (correct)
  • Neural connectivity, neurogenesis, neural migration, formation of the neural tube

What is the primary function of neuronal migration during prenatal brain development?

<p>Moving cells to their appropriate locations in the developing brain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which prenatal week does neural connectivity begin?

<p>Week 23 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT identified as increasing the risk of neural tube defects?

<p>Folic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does in vitro fertilization sometimes lead to low birth weight or preterm birth?

<p>IVF procedures often involve multiple births, increasing the risk of complications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is LEAST influential in determining the severity and type of defect caused by a teratogen?

<p>Parental income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Apgar scale?

<p>To quickly assess the overall health and well-being of a newborn. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT evaluated as part of the Apgar score?

<p>Body temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An infant born before completing 35 weeks of gestation is classified as:

<p>Preterm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence associated with low Apgar scores?

<p>Increased likelihood of developmental risks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of kangaroo care for low birth weight or preterm infants?

<p>It promotes bonding and stabilizes the infant's heart rate and breathing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Infants who weigh less than 5 pounds 8 ounces at birth are classified as having:

<p>Low birth weight. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions has been shown to increase weight and reduce stress in preterm infants, potentially shortening their hospital stay?

<p>Massage therapy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'rooming-in arrangement' designed to facilitate?

<p>Bonding and early interaction between the mother and her newborn. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies the 'multidirectional' characteristic of life-span development?

<p>A child learning to walk and speak, followed by a decline in physical speed in old age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is conducting a cross-cultural study on adolescent identity development. What should they consider to avoid cultural bias?

<p>Collaborating with researchers from each culture to ensure culturally appropriate measures and interpretations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios illustrates a 'nonnormative life event'?

<p>Losing a job due to unforeseen company downsizing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does understanding life-span development contribute to addressing contemporary social issues?

<p>By providing insights into the various factors influencing well-being, parenting, and education, informing targeted interventions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of life-span development, 'plasticity' refers to:

<p>The capacity for change and adaptation throughout life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate interpretation of the statement that development is 'contextual'?

<p>Development is heavily influenced by the setting in which it occurs, including historical, economic, social, and cultural factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the increasing life expectancy in the United States, what is a potential challenge that society needs to address?

<p>Ensuring healthcare systems and social structures are equipped to support an aging population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Socioeconomic status (SES) significantly impacts development. Which of the following is the LEAST likely way SES affects an individual's life-span development?

<p>Inherited genetic predispositions for specific talents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between locomotion and postural control in infants?

<p>Postural control is a prerequisite for locomotion, especially upright walking. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Karen Adolph's research on infants and slopes, what is the primary factor influencing an infant's ability to judge the safety of descending a slope?

<p>The infant's prior locomotor experience (crawling or walking). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'specificity of learning,' as described by Adolph, refer to in the context of infant motor development?

<p>The lack of transfer of learning between different modes of locomotion, such as crawling and walking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best example of a fine motor skill?

<p>Grasping a small object with the thumb and forefinger (pincer grip). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical distinction between sensation and perception?

<p>Sensation is the detection of sensory information, while perception is its interpretation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the ecological view of perception, what is the primary purpose of perception?

<p>To enable interaction with and adaptation to the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Robert Fantz's visual preference method relies on what key measure to study infant perception?

<p>Tracking the duration of time an infant spends looking at different stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of habituation in the context of infant sensory and perceptual development?

<p>Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated exposure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk's visual cliff experiment, what is the primary conclusion regarding infant depth perception?

<p>Most infants demonstrate depth perception by avoiding crawling onto the 'cliff' side. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes intermodal perception in infants?

<p>The integration of information from two or more sensory modalities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST accurate description of perceptual motor coupling?

<p>Action guides perception, and perception guides action, forming a continuous loop. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Piaget's theory, what is the role of schemes in cognitive development?

<p>To organize knowledge through actions or mental representations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is assimilation, according to Piaget's theory?

<p>Using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which BEST describes object permanence in Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

<p>Understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when not perceived. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the A-not-B error suggest about an infant's cognitive development?

<p>Difficulty in inhibiting a previously successful motor response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central idea of the core knowledge approach to infant cognitive development?

<p>Infants are born with domain-specific innate knowledge systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Fantz's experiment, what type of stimuli did infants aged 2-3 weeks old generally prefer to look at?

<p>Patterns, such as faces, printed matter, or bull's-eyes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An infant is shown a toy, which is then hidden behind a screen. Before approximately 2 months of age, how would the infant likely perceive the toy?

<p>As only the visible parts of the object. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the recovery of a previously weakened response to a stimulus after a change in the stimulation?

<p>Dishabituation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a newborn's vision is estimated to be 20/600, approximately what visual acuity can be expected by the time the infant is 6 months old?

<p>20/40 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Researchers are studying an infant's ability to follow a moving object with their eyes. Which method are they most likely employing?

<p>Eye tracking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the 'visual cliff' experiment, what aspect of infant perception was being investigated?

<p>Depth perception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the experiment involving a ball rolling behind a partition, which scenario would likely demonstrate an infant's expectation of object permanence and continuous motion most effectively?

<p>The ball abruptly disappears and reappears on the other side of the partition after a delay. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ability to discriminate between colors typically develop in infants?

<p>It begins to emerge around 8 weeks of age. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Life-span development

The pattern of change from conception to the end of life.

Life-span perspective

A view that development is lifelong, multidimensional, and contextual.

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person can expect to live.

Normative age-graded influences

Events experienced by most individuals in a specific age group.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Normative history-graded influences

Influences that are common to a particular generation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nonnormative life events

Unique experiences that impact individuals' development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sociocultural contexts

The environmental settings influenced by cultural and social factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cross-cultural studies

Comparisons between cultures to understand developmental similarities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Apgar scale

A method to assess newborn health at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Preterm infants

Infants born before 35 weeks of gestation, at risk for health issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Low birth weight

Infants weighing less than 5 pounds 8 ounces at birth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Very low birth weight

Infants weighing less than 3 pounds 4 ounces at birth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kangaroo care

Skin-to-skin contact with the baby against the parent's chest.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Developmental delay

A delay in reaching physical or mental milestones in growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bonding

Connection, especially physical, formed between parents and newborns.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Postpartum period

Time after childbirth until the mother adjusts back to a near prepregnant state.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Trimesters

Three equal periods of prenatal development, each lasting three months.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neural tube

A pear-shaped structure that develops into the brain and spinal cord.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neurogenesis

The process of creating new immature neurons during prenatal development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neural migration

Movement of neurons to their destined locations in the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neural connectivity

Formation of connections between neurons, which begins around the 23rd week.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fetal tests

Tests like ultrasound and amniocentesis to assess fetal health.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Teratogens

Substances that can cause malformations in a developing fetus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Infertility

The inability to conceive a child after trying for 12 months.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Moro reflex

A startle response in newborns to sudden noise or movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Grasping reflex

An automatic response when an object touches an infant's palms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gross motor skills

Large-muscle activities like walking that develop posture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Locomotion in infants

Movement ability linked with postural control, like walking upright.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Specificity of learning

Experience in one motor skill does not transfer to another (crawling vs walking).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fine motor skills

Small movements such as finger dexterity that develop over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sensation vs Perception

Sensation is sensing through receptors; perception is interpreting what is sensed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visual preference method

Research method measuring how long infants look at different stimuli.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dishabituation

Recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eye tracking

Measuring eye movements that follow a moving object.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fantz's experiment

Study showing infants prefer patterns over colors or brightness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Newborn vision

Estimated at 20/600 at birth, improving to 20/40 by 6 months.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Importance of faces in visual stimuli

Faces are one of the most important visual stimuli for infants.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Perception of occluded objects

Infants initially perceive occluded objects as incomplete.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Depth perception

Ability to perceive distance and depth, developed over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visual cliff experiment

Test assessing depth perception in infants using a visual cliff.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intermodal Perception

The ability to integrate information from multiple senses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sensorimotor Stage

Piaget’s stage where infants understand the world through senses and actions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Object Permanence

The realization that objects continue to exist even when not seen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

A-not-B Error

An error where infants look for an object in its familiar hiding place instead of a new one.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Core Knowledge Approach

The idea that infants have innate knowledge systems for specific domains.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pain Network

The brain activity network associated with processing pain in newborns.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Life-Span Development

  • Development is a pattern of change starting at conception and continuing throughout life.
  • The life-span perspective views development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual.
  • Studying life-span development helps individuals understand their future and the lives of others, as well as preparing them to take responsibility for children.
  • The maximum lifespan is 122 years.
  • Current life expectancy in the US is around 76 years.
  • Improved healthcare, nutrition, and sanitation have contributed to increased lifespan.

Life Expectancy

  • The upper limit of human lifespan is 122 years.
  • Life expectancy in the US is approximately 76 years.
  • Factors contributing to longer lifespans: improved sanitation, nutrition, and medicine.
  • The increase in life expectancy presents both challenges and opportunities.
  • Focus has been on the shortcomings of older adults, lacking a recognition of the contributions they can offer to society

Dimensions of Lifespan Perspective

  • Lifelong: Development continues throughout life.
  • Multidimensional: Development encompasses various aspects (biological, psychological, social).
  • Multidirectional: Development can involve growth, maintenance, or loss at different ages.
  • Plastic: The capacity for change and development throughout life.
  • Contextual: Development occurs within a particular setting and influences from culture, history, and economics.
  • Biological, sociocultural, and individual factors shape development.
  • Developmental science draws from multiple disciplines.

Types of Contextual Influences

  • Development occurs within a context influenced by historical, economic, social, and cultural factors.
  • Normative age-graded influences are expected events linked to specific ages.
  • Normative history-graded influences are events that affect large groups based on time period.
  • Nonnormative life events are uncommon events that exert a significant impact on individuals.

Contemporary Concerns in Lifespan Development

  • Health and well-being: Lifestyles and psychological factors are examined.
  • Parenting and education: Pressures on families and school effectiveness are explored.
  • Sociocultural aspects and diversity: Culture, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and gender are analyzed.
  • Social policy reflects a nation's values, economics, and political views.
  • Biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes are studied.
  • Developmental periods are described as prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood.

Developmental Issues

  • Nature vs. nurture: debate on whether development is primarily influenced by heredity or environment.
  • Stability vs. change: discussion about whether early traits persist or change over time.
  • Continuity vs. discontinuity: argument over whether development is a gradual process or involves distinct stages.

Theories of Development

  • Psychoanalytic theories: Focus on the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences.
  • Cognitive theories: Describe how thought and knowledge change over time.
  • Behavioral and social cognitive theories: Emphasize learning and observable behavior.
  • Ethological theory: Focus on the nature of behaviors and their origins.
  • Ecological theory: Highlights the influences of environmental systems on development.

Research on Lifespan Development

  • Methods for collecting data: Observation, surveys, interviews, standardized tests, physiological measures are explored.
  • Research designs: Includes descriptive, correlational, and experimental research.
  • Time span research: Investigates changes over time.
  • Ethical research conduct is essential.

Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processes in Development

  • Biological processes describe the physical changes that occur.
  • Cognitive processes describe mental, emotional, and sensory changes.
  • Socioemotional processes describe relationship changes.
  • Developmental periods are prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood.

Periods of Development

  • Prenatal: Conception to birth
  • Infancy: Birth to 18-24 months
  • Toddler: 18 months to 3 years
  • Early Childhood: End of infancy to 5 years
  • Middle and Late Childhood: 6-10/11 years
  • Adolescence: 10/12 - 18/21 years
  • Emerging Adulthood: 18-25 years
  • Early Adulthood: Early twenties through the thirties
  • Middle Adulthood: Fourties and fifties
  • Late Adulthood: Sixties and older.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Human Development PDF

Description

Overview of life-span development as a pattern of change from conception through life. Discussion of the life-span perspective, viewing development as lifelong, multidimensional, and multidisciplinary. Examination of life expectancy trends and contributing factors.

More Like This

EM R Complete: Chapter 6 Life Span Development
18 questions

EM R Complete: Chapter 6 Life Span Development

DecisivePiccoloTrumpet avatar
DecisivePiccoloTrumpet
Life Span Development Chapter 7 Flashcards
59 questions

Life Span Development Chapter 7 Flashcards

AudibleFresno2256 avatar
AudibleFresno2256
EMS Chapter 7 - Life Span Development
16 questions

EMS Chapter 7 - Life Span Development

JubilantUvarovite avatar
JubilantUvarovite
Life Span Development: Infancy
16 questions

Life Span Development: Infancy

DecisivePiccoloTrumpet avatar
DecisivePiccoloTrumpet
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser