Life Span Development Chapter 7 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the age range for an adolescent?

12 to 18 years

What is atherosclerosis?

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

What is barotrauma?

Injury caused by pressure to enclosed body surfaces, for example from too much pressure in the lungs.

What is conventional reasoning?

<p>A type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered early adulthood?

<p>A young adult age 19 to 40 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fontanelles?

<p>Areas where the neonate's or infant's skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for an infant?

<p>1 month to 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does life expectancy refer to?

<p>The average number of years an individual can be expected to live.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for a middle adult?

<p>41 to 60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Moro reflex?

<p>An infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a neonate?

<p>A newborn age birth to 1 month.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nephrons?

<p>The basic filtering units in the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for an older adult?

<p>61 years or older</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the palmer grasp?

<p>An infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant's palm; the infant grasps the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is postconventional reasoning?

<p>A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is preconventional reasoning?

<p>A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment to get what he or she wants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for a preschooler?

<p>3 to 6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rooting reflex?

<p>An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant's cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for school age?

<p>6 to 12 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sucking reflex?

<p>An infant reflex in which the infant starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a toddler?

<p>A young child age 1 to 3 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does trust and mistrust refer to?

<p>A stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust of their parents or caregivers if their world is planned, organized, and routine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anxious-avoidant attachment?

<p>A bond between an infant and his or her caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is secure attachment?

<p>A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that the parents will be responsive to his or her needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the decline in kidney function between the ages of 20 and 90 years? (Select the correct answer)

<p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for an adolescent? (Select the correct answer)

<p>12 to 18 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children who make decisions based on their conscience are using what type of reasoning? (Select the correct answer)

<p>Postconventional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nervous system change commonly found in older adults? (Select the correct answer)

<p>Deterioration of nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maturation of the reproductive system usually takes place during: (Select the correct answer)

<p>Adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to identify a person who is from birth to 1 month old? (Select the correct answer)

<p>Neonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated maximum life expectancy for humans? (Select the correct answer)

<p>120</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do middle adults tend to focus their time and energy on? (Select the correct answer)

<p>Achieving life goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

When encountering a patient with depressed fontanelles, you should suspect: (Select the correct answer)

<p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'vital capacity'? (Select the correct answer)

<p>The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clingy behavior and the fear of unfamiliar people or places are normal among 10 to 18 month old children and are commonly caused by __________ anxiety. (Select the correct answer)

<p>Separation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diastolic blood pressure tends to _____________ with age. (Select the correct answer)

<p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Into what age range do toddlers and preschoolers fit? (Select the correct answer)

<p>1 to 6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Work, family, and stress best describe the life stage known as: (Select the correct answer)

<p>Early adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age can an infant normally start tracking objects with his or her eyes and recognizing familiar faces? (Select the correct answer)

<p>2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

The majority of older adults live in assisted-living facilities.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rooting reflex takes place when an infant's lips are stroked.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Toddlers should have pulse rates between 90 and 150 beats/min.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Men can produce sperm well into their 80s.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The older the patient is the larger his or her pupils will be.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Typically, antisocial behavior will peak around the age of 13.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Language is usually mastered by the 24th month.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Breastfeeding helps to boost an infant's immune system.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Teething in an infant typically begins around 6 months of age.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adolescents are at less risk than other populations for suicide and depression.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

_________________ adults are those who are age 19 to _________________ years.

<p>Early, 40</p> Signup and view all the answers

In toddlers, the pulse rate is _____________ to ____________ beats/min and the respiratory rate is _________________ to __________________ breaths/min.

<p>90, 150; 20, 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

Middle adults tend to focus on achieving their ___________ _____________.

<p>life's goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most older adults can hear________________ are able to see _________________.

<p>well, clearly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rebellious behavior can be part of an adolescent trying to find his or her own ____________________.

<p>identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ___________________ usually weighs 6 to _____________________ pounds at birth, and the head accounts for ______________ % of its body weight.

<p>neonate, 8, 25</p> Signup and view all the answers

An infant's lungs are ____________, and providing bag-mask ventilations that are too forceful can result in trauma from pressure, or ____________.

<p>fragile, barotrauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

By ________________ to 24 months, toddlers begin to understand cause and ___________________.

<p>18, effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Changes in gastric and intestinal function may inhibit ___________ intake and utilization in ____________________adults.

<p>nutritional, older</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among older adults __________________ functions in the 5 years preceding death is presumed to decline.

<p>mental</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Age Definitions

  • Adolescents are individuals aged 12 to 18 years.
  • Early adults range from 19 to 40 years.
  • Middle adults are between 41 and 60 years old.
  • Older adults are those aged 61 years or older.
  • Neonates are newborns from birth to 1 month of age.
  • Infants are children from 1 month to 1 year.
  • Toddlers range from 1 to 3 years.
  • Preschoolers fall between 3 to 6 years.
  • School-aged children are aged 6 to 12 years.

Developmental Concepts

  • Life expectancy refers to the average number of years individuals can expect to live, estimated maximum is around 120 years.
  • Trust vs. Mistrust is a developmental stage from birth to 18 months, emphasizing the importance of a structured environment for building trust.
  • Attachment styles include secure attachment, where infants bond with responsive caregivers, and anxious-avoidant attachment, where infants experience repeated rejection.

Reflexes and Physical Growth

  • The Moro reflex occurs when an infant startles, causing arms to extend and fingers to spread.
  • Rooting reflex is triggered when an object touches an infant's cheek, prompting them to turn towards the touch.
  • Sucking reflex is initiated when an infant's lips are stroked, prompting sucking behavior.
  • Palmer grasp occurs when something is placed in an infant's palm, leading them to grasp it.

Physiological Changes

  • Atherosclerosis is characterized by cholesterol and calcium buildup in blood vessels, potentially blocking blood flow.
  • Nephrons serve as the kidneys' basic filtering units crucial for waste removal.
  • The decline in kidney function from ages 20 to 90 can reach up to 50%.
  • Diastolic blood pressure generally increases with age.

Cognitive and Emotional Development

  • Conventional reasoning involves decision-making for peer and societal approval, while postconventional reasoning is based on an individual's conscience.
  • Preconventional reasoning is motivated by avoiding punishment or obtaining rewards.
  • Adolescence marks the maturation of the reproductive system.

Health and Care Considerations

  • Fontanelles are soft spots on an infant's skull that typically fuse by 18 months.
  • Dehydration can be indicated by depressed fontanelles in infants.
  • Clingy behavior in toddlers might indicate separation anxiety.
  • Language typically begins to develop significantly by the 24th month.

Common Misconceptions and Facts

  • False: The majority of older adults live in assisted-living facilities.
  • True: Toddlers' pulse rates can range from 90 to 150 beats per minute and respiratory rates from 20 to 30 breaths per minute.
  • True: Breastfeeding boosts an infant's immune system, and teething usually begins around 6 months.
  • False: Adolescents are at a higher risk for depression and suicide compared to other age groups.

Miscellaneous Facts

  • Pulse and respiratory values for toddlers should be noted for basic health assessments.
  • Middle adults commonly focus on achieving their life goals during this period.
  • Mental function in older adults often declines in the years leading up to death, affecting overall cognitive health.

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Test your knowledge of key terms in life span development with these flashcards from Chapter 7. Each card includes essential definitions for concepts like adolescence and atherosclerosis. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this important topic.

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