Life Span Development: Infancy

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Questions and Answers

What is the typical heart rate range for school-age children?

60–100 beats per minute

50–90 beats per minute

70–110 beats per minute (correct)

80–120 beats per minute

Which developmental change occurs during adolescence regarding identity?

Exploration of invulnerability (correct)

Acceptance of physical appearance

Development of job stress

Formation of self-concept

What is a typical physiological change experienced during early adulthood?

Loss of primary teeth

Chronic illnesses

Growth spurt

Achievement of physical peak (correct)

What physiological change is commonly associated with middle adulthood?

Menopause Signup and view all the answers

During which stage is the recognition of emergency workers as helpful most prominent?

School-age children Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vital signs is typical for adolescents?

RR: 12–20 breaths per minute Signup and view all the answers

What psychosocial change is typically experienced in late adulthood?

Loss of independence Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physiological change in late adulthood?

Cardiovascular changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the average heart rate for a one-year-old infant?

Approximately 120 beats per minute Signup and view all the answers

At what age do infants typically begin to recognize familiar faces?

By two months Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physiological change in infants by six months?

They can sit without assistance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical blood pressure range for toddlers aged 12 to 36 months?

70–100 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a normal physiological development for a three-year-old?

Dress without assistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical respiratory rate for a preschool-aged child (three to five years old)?

20–30 breaths per minute Signup and view all the answers

Which action is expected from a toddler in terms of psychomotor skills?

Climb up and down stairs Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children generally start to say recognizable words such as 'mama' or 'dada'?

By one year Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Infancy: Vital Signs and Development

Newborn vital signs: RR 20-30 breaths/min, HR 100-160 bpm, BP 70 mmHg.
At one year: RR remains 20-30 breaths/min, HR approximately 120 bpm, BP approximately 90 mmHg.

Physiological Changes in Infancy

By two months: Ability to track objects, focus 8-12 inches away, recognize familiar faces, respond to sounds, and display primary emotions.
By six months: Sit without assistance, walk with help, say "mama" or "dada," and respond to simple requests.
By one year: Finger feeding self, recognize familiar objects from a distance.

Psychosocial Changes in Infancy

Separation anxiety begins, leading to increased crying and attachment development.

Toddlers and Preschool-Age Children: Vital Signs

Ages 12-36 months: HR 80-120 bpm, RR 20-30 breaths/min, BP 70-100 mmHg, temperature 98.6–99.6°F.
Ages 3-5 years: HR 80-120 bpm, RR 20-30 breaths/min, BP 80-110 mmHg, temperature 98.6–99.6°F.

Physiological Changes in Toddlers and Preschoolers

By age three: Ability to hop, jump, climb, dress/undress, use utensils, and count objects.
By age five: Increased coordination and motor skills enabling advanced play and learning.

Psychosocial Changes in Toddlers and Preschoolers

Language development through play, innocent communication, no concept of lying.

School-Age Children: Vital Signs

Ages 6-12 years: HR 70-110 bpm, RR 20-30 breaths/min, BP 80-120 mmHg, temperature 98.6°F.

Physiological Changes in School-Age Children

Transition through loss of primary teeth and gaining skills in reading and writing.
Occurrence of nocturnal enuresis.

Psychosocial Changes in School-Age Children

Development of relationships, self-concept, and recognition of emergency workers.

Adolescence: Vital Signs

Ages 13-18 years: HR 55-105 bpm, RR 12-20 breaths/min, BP 100-120 mmHg, temperature 98.6°F.

Physiological Changes in Adolescence

Growth spurts occur along with the onset of puberty.

Psychosocial Changes in Adolescence

Exploration of identity, feelings of invulnerability, challenges with body image and dating, potential for depression.

Early Adulthood: Vital Signs

Ages 20-40 years: HR 70 bpm, RR 16-20 breaths/min, BP 120/80 mmHg, temperature 98.6°F.

Physiological Changes in Early Adulthood

Physical peak reached, but conditioning starts to decline, development of lifelong habits begins.

Psychosocial Changes in Early Adulthood

Emphasis on independence, responsibility, career development, and managing job stress.

Middle Adulthood: Vital Signs

Ages 41-60 years: HR 70 bpm, RR 16-20 breaths/min, BP 120/80 mmHg, temperature 98.6°F.

Physiological Changes in Middle Adulthood

Common chronic illnesses emerge, decrease in cardiac output, weight gain may occur, onset of menopause for women.

Psychosocial Changes in Middle Adulthood

Focus shifts to challenges including caring for others and experiencing grandparenthood.

Late Adulthood: Vital Signs

Ages 61 years and older: Vitals dependent on individual health but typically a temperature of 98.6°F.

Physiological Changes in Late Adulthood

Peak of life span and life expectancy, notable cardiovascular and nervous system changes, sensory and renal changes develop.

Psychosocial Changes in Late Adulthood

Increased feelings of isolation, challenges of moving or loss of independence, critical financial decision-making processes are common.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the vital signs and physiological changes in infants from birth to one year. This quiz covers important aspects like respiratory rates, heart rates, and developmental milestones. Understand the key indicators of health during this crucial stage of life.