Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the typical heart rate range for school-age children?
What is the typical heart rate range for school-age children?
- 60–100 beats per minute
- 50–90 beats per minute
- 70–110 beats per minute (correct)
- 80–120 beats per minute
Which developmental change occurs during adolescence regarding identity?
Which developmental change occurs during adolescence regarding identity?
- Exploration of invulnerability (correct)
- Acceptance of physical appearance
- Development of job stress
- Formation of self-concept
What is a typical physiological change experienced during early adulthood?
What is a typical physiological change experienced during early adulthood?
- Loss of primary teeth
- Chronic illnesses
- Growth spurt
- Achievement of physical peak (correct)
What physiological change is commonly associated with middle adulthood?
What physiological change is commonly associated with middle adulthood?
During which stage is the recognition of emergency workers as helpful most prominent?
During which stage is the recognition of emergency workers as helpful most prominent?
Which of the following vital signs is typical for adolescents?
Which of the following vital signs is typical for adolescents?
What psychosocial change is typically experienced in late adulthood?
What psychosocial change is typically experienced in late adulthood?
What is a common physiological change in late adulthood?
What is a common physiological change in late adulthood?
What is the average heart rate for a one-year-old infant?
What is the average heart rate for a one-year-old infant?
At what age do infants typically begin to recognize familiar faces?
At what age do infants typically begin to recognize familiar faces?
What is a common physiological change in infants by six months?
What is a common physiological change in infants by six months?
What is the typical blood pressure range for toddlers aged 12 to 36 months?
What is the typical blood pressure range for toddlers aged 12 to 36 months?
Which of the following is a normal physiological development for a three-year-old?
Which of the following is a normal physiological development for a three-year-old?
What is the typical respiratory rate for a preschool-aged child (three to five years old)?
What is the typical respiratory rate for a preschool-aged child (three to five years old)?
Which action is expected from a toddler in terms of psychomotor skills?
Which action is expected from a toddler in terms of psychomotor skills?
At what age do children generally start to say recognizable words such as 'mama' or 'dada'?
At what age do children generally start to say recognizable words such as 'mama' or 'dada'?
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Study Notes
Infancy: Vital Signs and Development
- Newborn vital signs: RR 20-30 breaths/min, HR 100-160 bpm, BP 70 mmHg.
- At one year: RR remains 20-30 breaths/min, HR approximately 120 bpm, BP approximately 90 mmHg.
Physiological Changes in Infancy
- By two months: Ability to track objects, focus 8-12 inches away, recognize familiar faces, respond to sounds, and display primary emotions.
- By six months: Sit without assistance, walk with help, say "mama" or "dada," and respond to simple requests.
- By one year: Finger feeding self, recognize familiar objects from a distance.
Psychosocial Changes in Infancy
- Separation anxiety begins, leading to increased crying and attachment development.
Toddlers and Preschool-Age Children: Vital Signs
- Ages 12-36 months: HR 80-120 bpm, RR 20-30 breaths/min, BP 70-100 mmHg, temperature 98.6–99.6°F.
- Ages 3-5 years: HR 80-120 bpm, RR 20-30 breaths/min, BP 80-110 mmHg, temperature 98.6–99.6°F.
Physiological Changes in Toddlers and Preschoolers
- By age three: Ability to hop, jump, climb, dress/undress, use utensils, and count objects.
- By age five: Increased coordination and motor skills enabling advanced play and learning.
Psychosocial Changes in Toddlers and Preschoolers
- Language development through play, innocent communication, no concept of lying.
School-Age Children: Vital Signs
- Ages 6-12 years: HR 70-110 bpm, RR 20-30 breaths/min, BP 80-120 mmHg, temperature 98.6°F.
Physiological Changes in School-Age Children
- Transition through loss of primary teeth and gaining skills in reading and writing.
- Occurrence of nocturnal enuresis.
Psychosocial Changes in School-Age Children
- Development of relationships, self-concept, and recognition of emergency workers.
Adolescence: Vital Signs
- Ages 13-18 years: HR 55-105 bpm, RR 12-20 breaths/min, BP 100-120 mmHg, temperature 98.6°F.
Physiological Changes in Adolescence
- Growth spurts occur along with the onset of puberty.
Psychosocial Changes in Adolescence
- Exploration of identity, feelings of invulnerability, challenges with body image and dating, potential for depression.
Early Adulthood: Vital Signs
- Ages 20-40 years: HR 70 bpm, RR 16-20 breaths/min, BP 120/80 mmHg, temperature 98.6°F.
Physiological Changes in Early Adulthood
- Physical peak reached, but conditioning starts to decline, development of lifelong habits begins.
Psychosocial Changes in Early Adulthood
- Emphasis on independence, responsibility, career development, and managing job stress.
Middle Adulthood: Vital Signs
- Ages 41-60 years: HR 70 bpm, RR 16-20 breaths/min, BP 120/80 mmHg, temperature 98.6°F.
Physiological Changes in Middle Adulthood
- Common chronic illnesses emerge, decrease in cardiac output, weight gain may occur, onset of menopause for women.
Psychosocial Changes in Middle Adulthood
- Focus shifts to challenges including caring for others and experiencing grandparenthood.
Late Adulthood: Vital Signs
- Ages 61 years and older: Vitals dependent on individual health but typically a temperature of 98.6°F.
Physiological Changes in Late Adulthood
- Peak of life span and life expectancy, notable cardiovascular and nervous system changes, sensory and renal changes develop.
Psychosocial Changes in Late Adulthood
- Increased feelings of isolation, challenges of moving or loss of independence, critical financial decision-making processes are common.
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