Life Processes: Transportation

Study Notes

The process of transporting materials and substances within an organism
Types of transportation:
- Active transport: movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, requiring energy
- Passive transport: movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, not requiring energy
- Bulk transport: movement of large amounts of materials through a cell membrane

The process of obtaining and utilizing energy and nutrients from the environment
Types of nutrition:
- Autotrophic nutrition: producing own food through photosynthesis (e.g., plants)
- Heterotrophic nutrition: obtaining food by consuming other organisms (e.g., animals)
Stages of nutrition:
1. Ingestion: taking in food
2. Digestion: breaking down food into smaller molecules
3. Absorption: absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream
4. Assimilation: using absorbed nutrients for energy and growth

The process of removing waste and excess substances from the body
Types of excretion:
- Urine: waste products removed from the blood by the kidneys
- Feces: waste products removed from the digestive system
- Sweat: excess water and ions removed from the skin
- Carbon dioxide: waste product removed from the lungs
Importance of excretion:
- Maintaining homeostasis
- Preventing toxin buildup
- Regulating pH and electrolyte balance

The process of obtaining oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide
Stages of respiration:
1. Breathing: inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
2. Cellular respiration: converting glucose into energy (ATP) in the cells
3. Gas exchange: exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and bloodstream
Importance of respiration:
- Generating energy for the body
- Maintaining oxygen levels
- Removing waste products

Transportation is the process of moving materials and substances within an organism
There are three types of transportation: active transport, passive transport, and bulk transport
Active transport moves molecules from low to high concentration, requiring energy
Passive transport moves molecules from high to low concentration, without energy
Bulk transport involves the movement of large amounts of materials through a cell membrane

Nutrition is the process of obtaining and utilizing energy and nutrients from the environment
There are two types of nutrition: autotrophic and heterotrophic
Autotrophic nutrition involves producing own food through photosynthesis, found in plants
Heterotrophic nutrition involves obtaining food by consuming other organisms, found in animals
The four stages of nutrition are ingestion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation
Ingestion involves taking in food
Digestion involves breaking down food into smaller molecules
Absorption involves absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream
Assimilation involves using absorbed nutrients for energy and growth

Excretion is the process of removing waste and excess substances from the body
There are four types of excretion: urine, feces, sweat, and carbon dioxide
Urine removes waste products from the blood
Feces removes waste products from the digestive system
Sweat removes excess water and ions from the skin
Carbon dioxide removes waste product from the lungs
Excretion is important for maintaining homeostasis, preventing toxin buildup, and regulating pH and electrolyte balance

Respiration is the process of obtaining oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide
The three stages of respiration are breathing, cellular respiration, and gas exchange
Breathing involves inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
Cellular respiration involves converting glucose into energy (ATP) in the cells
Gas exchange involves exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and bloodstream
Respiration is important for generating energy for the body, maintaining oxygen levels, and removing waste products