Biology EOC Review Flashcards

Movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell.

Inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival.

<p>Different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic building blocks of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in form or function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substance that stimulates the production of an antibody.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virus that infects bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inherited behavior that helps an organism survive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two identical cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rise in the temperature of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The remains or an impression of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes (haploid).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The variety of different species in a given area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total amount of living matter within a given trophic level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic compound used by cells to store and release energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A consumer that only eats other consumers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic unit of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cycle of growth and reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase and mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizes the spindle fibers to separate chromosomes during animal cell mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organelle in plants that captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of two identical 'sister' parts of a duplicated chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A model of evolution in which gradual change leads to biological diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pairs of cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The place where an organism lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Half the normal number of chromosomes; found in sex cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consumer that eats only producers; also called a primary consumer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having two different alleles for a trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A relatively stable long-lasting community reached in a successional series.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In RNA, a three-base 'word' that codes for one amino acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symbiotic relationship in which one member benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difference in concentration of a substance on two sides of a membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A summary of what you have learned from an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Division of the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which organelles are suspended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information gathered from observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The removal of trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic cross using two traits with two alleles each.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell condition in which two of each type of chromosome are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A discrete event that disrupts an ecosystem or community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains inherited characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large taxonomic group, consisting of closely related phyla.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A behavior an animal learns from its parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any large complex organic molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA to the ribosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trait that will show up in an organism's phenotype if gene is present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two strands of nucleotides wound around each other; structure of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Living and nonliving things in an environment, together with their interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Female sex cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organism in its early stage of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Study of multicellular organisms as they develop from fertilized eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of membranes that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein that speeds up a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid growth of algae in bodies of water due to high levels of nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gradual change in a species over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers