Legal Issues in Employment Processes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of an employee handbook/manual?

To provide an overview of organization-specific policies. (correct)

To document employee job descriptions.

To outline the company's financial performance.

To schedule employee training sessions.

Which of the following rights is NOT explicitly protected by the 1987 Philippine Constitution?

Access to free healthcare. (correct)

Right to strike in accordance with the law.

Humane conditions of work.

Security of tenure.

What distinguishes competitive promotions from noncompetitive promotions?

Competitive promotions involve a limited number of positions and competition among applicants. (correct)

Competitive promotions usually have more available positions.

Noncompetitive promotions involve competition among internal applicants.

Noncompetitive promotions are only available to new employees.

What is one potential disadvantage of relying heavily on internal promotions?

It may result in a lack of fresh ideas from new employees. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key aspect of collective bargaining?

A process for employer-employee negotiation regarding terms of employment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between external and internal recruitment?

External recruitment seeks candidates from outside the organization. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a legal issue affecting employment?

Labor management practices. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential impact of internal promotions on workforce diversity?

It can perpetuate existing demographic compositions in the workforce. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of using radio ads for recruitment?

They allow targeting specific audiences based on station type. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of point-of-purchase methods for recruitment?

They target individuals who frequent a business's location. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines campus recruitment?

A process where companies recruit students directly from schools. Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do virtual job fairs offer to candidates?

They facilitate direct communication with recruiters. Signup and view all the answers

How do employment agencies typically operate?

They partner with companies to recruit and staff employees. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of executive search firms, also known as headhunters?

They specialize in filling hard-to-fill positions. Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason organizations may prefer applicants to apply in person?

They wish to avoid being overwhelmed by phone calls. Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of point-of-purchase recruitment methods?

They provide exposure to a limited audience. Signup and view all the answers

Why might an organization use a blind box for recruitment?

To manage unqualified applicants applying to known positions. Signup and view all the answers

What element is crucial for successful recruitment through virtual job fairs?

The ability for candidates to showcase their skills interactively. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential advantage of using electronic media for recruitment?

It allows organizations to reach a larger audience. Signup and view all the answers

When might an organization specifically ask applicants to send a résumé directly?

When they expect a high volume of applications. Signup and view all the answers

What scenario illustrates a potential reason for using a blind box ad?

An organization fears negative associations with a sensitive job role. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of calling an organization in response to their ad?

To permit quick screening of applicants. Signup and view all the answers

How does using electronic media for ad recruitment compare to traditional methods?

It can capture a wider audience due to higher engagement times. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ad would likely be most effective for discreetly finding a replacement for a current employee?

Blind box ads. Signup and view all the answers

What should evaluators aim to avoid when assessing employee performance?

Judging based on first impressions Signup and view all the answers

Which error occurs when every employee is rated at the upper end of the performance scale?

Leniency Error Signup and view all the answers

What type of error involves giving more weight to recent employee behaviors during evaluation?

Recency Effect Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can significantly distort performance ratings due to supervisors' personal feelings?

Bias Signup and view all the answers

During performance appraisals, which step is essential to communicate to employees?

The reasons behind their rating Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conducting appraisals?

To set mutually agreed future performance goals Signup and view all the answers

What can reduce the effectiveness of an evaluation process concerning an employee's performance?

Emotional State of the supervisor Signup and view all the answers

The 'Feedback Sandwich' method primarily aims to structure the delivery of what?

Performance evaluations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conducting a reference check?

To confirm the accuracy of information provided by an applicant Signup and view all the answers

What does a letter of recommendation primarily express?

An opinion regarding an applicant's abilities and potential for future success Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for using references and recommendations?

Assessing the candidate's technical skills Signup and view all the answers

What does a job knowledge test measure?

The applicant's knowledge about the specific job they are applying for Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ability test specifically measures information processing?

Cognitive ability tests Signup and view all the answers

What aspect do psychomotor ability tests assess?

Fine motor skills and reaction time Signup and view all the answers

Which physical attribute is primarily evaluated by physical ability tests?

Physical strength and stamina Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of an applicant's GWA after graduation?

It is a strong predictor of future job performance in early career stages Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of upward feedback from subordinates?

It provides insight into the supervisor's performance from a different perspective. Signup and view all the answers

Which appraisal method focuses on measurable outcomes such as customer satisfaction and accurate financial reporting?

Goal-focused appraisal Signup and view all the answers

What does frame-of-reference training provide to raters?

Job-related information and practice ratings. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a trait-focused appraisal?

It evaluates dependability and honesty. Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge presented by result-focused statements in performance evaluations?

Employees may achieve targets outside of their control. Signup and view all the answers

Which ranking method involves comparing each employee directly to every other employee?

Paired comparison Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not typically a focus of competency-focused appraisal?

Safety adherence Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of self-appraisal by employees?

To allow employees to reflect honestly on their performance. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Legal Issues in Employment: The Legal Process

Grievances: Dissatisfaction, complaints, irritation, or misunderstandings arising from job duties, CBA violations, or perceived unfair treatment.
Complaints: Spoken or written expressions of dissatisfaction impacting work relationships. Can be valid or invalid.
Grievance System: A formal process for addressing complaints within an organization, resulting in a decision.
Mediation: A conflict resolution method where a neutral third party facilitates agreement between parties.
Arbitration: A method for resolving conflicts where a neutral party decides the correct course of action. Parties can't appeal non-binding arbitration decisions.
DOLE-NLRC: National Labor Relations Commission tasked with promoting industrial peace and resolving labor disputes. They are considered experts in labor law.
Binding Arbitration: Neutral third party's decision is final and non-appealable.
Non-binding Arbitration: Neutral third party's decision is not legally binding, either party can appeal.
Labor Court/Court of Appeals: Review evidence and testimony, followed by Supreme Court as final arbiter of legal disputes in the Philippines.

Employee Handbook/Manual

Employee policy overview, guidelines, procedures, and benefits are detailed within the manual.
The 1987 Philippine Constitution: Self-organization, collective bargaining, peaceful activities, workers' rights, tenure, humane working conditions, fair wages, fair share of production fruits.
Collective Bargaining: A process where employers and employees agree on employment terms and resolve grievances.

Methods of Recruiting

Newspaper Ads: Applicants respond by calling, in person, sending résumés, or using blind boxes.
Electronic Media: Commercials, radio advertisements, and online ads on platforms such as social media platforms.

Point of Purchase (POP) Methods

Point-of-purchase methods utilize advertising techniques to position job notice displays for employees.

Campus Recruitment

Recruitment strategies conducted on college/university campuses to recruit students for internships or jobs.

Virtual Job Fairs

Virtual platforms for recruiters to interact with prospective employees.

Employment Agencies

Agencies contracted to hire and staff employees for other companies.

Executive Search Firms

Firms that specialize in finding qualified candidates for positions, frequently those who aren't actively searching.

Public Employment Agencies (PESO & DOLE)

Non-fee charging facilities focused on employment opportunities and equality, generally operated by local government and/or non-governmental organizations.

Employee Referrals

Employee referrals leverage existing employee networks to identify and attract potential candidates for open roles.

Direct Mail

Recruiting campaigns leveraging physical mail such as postcards for potential candidates. Emphasizes the targeting of candidates.

Employer's Website

Websites designed specifically for employment opportunities in companies.

Internet Recruiters

Utilizing web-based resources to attract, find, interview, and hire employees.

Reference and Testing

Reference Check: Verification of applicant information from previous employers.
Letters of Recommendation: Expressions of opinion on an applicant's abilities, work performance, character, and potential for future success.

Applicants Skill and Experience

Applicant skills and experience are assessed via work samples and performance evaluation in assessment centers.

Applicant's Prior Experience

The evaluation of prior experience considers the amount, level of performance during previous positions, and how related this prior experience is to the desired role.

Applicant's Knowledge

Job knowledge tests gauge applicants' understanding of the specific job requirements.

Applicant's Abilities

Applicant's abilities are determined through tests designed to asses their info processing capabilities, spatial/abstract reasoning, and/or psychomotor abilities (fine motor skills).

Applicant's Personality

Personality inventories/tests identify normal personality traits, psychopathology (if applicable), and other testing involving criteria based on employee psychology.
Interests Inventories identify if an applicant would display interest in the job role.
Integrity Tests: Often used for roles involving handling money.

Applicant's Evaluation

Performance evaluation methods (ranked order, paired comparison, forced distribution).

Evaluating Employee Performance

Determine reason(s) for evaluations- Providing feedback is key to improving performance through strengths/weaknesses discussions.
Determine salary increase/promotion considerations/termination decisions.

Performance Evaluation Steps and Limitations

Factors like environmental or cultural factors affect evaluations by individuals or groups
Who is responsible for the employee's evaluation/rating (supervisors, peers, subordinates, or customers) and how each evaluates the person
Identify ways to overcome limitations such as the recency effect (recent behaviors more weighted) or biases (opinions and ratings).

Communication of Appraisal Results

Necessary strategies for a successful employee meeting - preparation to communicate results is important
Methods of setting goals and managing expectations/performance during evaluation meetings.
The termination process: Policy violation, probationary period, inability to perform, or reduction in force (layoff).

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Description

Explore the various legal concepts surrounding employment grievances and complaints. This quiz covers processes like mediation, arbitration, and the role of organizations such as DOLE-NLRC in resolving labor disputes. Test your understanding of how these legal frameworks operate to maintain workplace harmony.