LEC.2 Blood and Tissue Flagellates Leishmania spp.

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Which sandfly genus transmits Old World leishmaniasis caused by L.donovani and L.infantum?

Simulium

Lutzomyia

Phlebotomus (correct)

Psychodopygus

What are the two known stages of Leishmania in its life cycle?

Amoeba and Cyst

Trophozoite and Schizont

Sporozoite and Merozoite

Promastigote and Amastigote (correct)

In which part of the sandfly does Leishmania transform from amastigotes to promastigotes?

Head

Wings

Stomach (correct)

Legs

What happens when promastigotes are released from the proboscis of a sandfly during a bite?

They are introduced locally at the bite site Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Leishmanin test negative in active cases of kala-azar?

Due to impaired Cell-mediated immunity in active kala-azar patients. Signup and view all the answers

How can the diagnosis of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) be established?

By demonstrating the amastigote form of L.donovani on a Leishman-stained smear prepared from biopsy material. Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the disfiguring nature of Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia)?

Damage primarily to the nose and mouth due to ulcers caused by L.braziliensis and L.mexicana. Signup and view all the answers

How do Leishmania parasites primarily invade human cells?

As intracellular parasites inside macrophages. Signup and view all the answers

Why does Leishmaniasis necessitate strong cell-mediated immunity for control?

Due to being an intracellular pathogen requiring cell-mediated immune responses for containment. Signup and view all the answers

How can leishmaniasis be partly prevented according to the text?

By sleeping under nets treated with insecticide and reservoir control programs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main habitat of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum in the human body?

Reticuloendothelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of Old World leishmaniasis?

Cutaneous leishmaniasis Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method for leishmaniasis involves a skin scraping?

Needle aspiration of tissue fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode through which the infection of leishmaniasis spreads in the human body?

Bite of sandfly Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective diagnostic method for identifying Leishmania DNA?

DNA testing (PCR) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes visceral leishmaniasis from cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Intracellular replication in reticuloendothelial cells Signup and view all the answers

LEC.2 Blood and Tissue Flagellates Leishmania spp.

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