LEC.2 Blood and Tissue Flagellates Leishmania spp.

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Questions and Answers

Which sandfly genus transmits Old World leishmaniasis caused by L.donovani and L.infantum?

  • Simulium
  • Lutzomyia
  • Phlebotomus (correct)
  • Psychodopygus

What are the two known stages of Leishmania in its life cycle?

  • Amoeba and Cyst
  • Trophozoite and Schizont
  • Sporozoite and Merozoite
  • Promastigote and Amastigote (correct)

In which part of the sandfly does Leishmania transform from amastigotes to promastigotes?

  • Head
  • Wings
  • Stomach (correct)
  • Legs

What happens when promastigotes are released from the proboscis of a sandfly during a bite?

<p>They are introduced locally at the bite site (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Leishmanin test negative in active cases of kala-azar?

<p>Due to impaired Cell-mediated immunity in active kala-azar patients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the diagnosis of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) be established?

<p>By demonstrating the amastigote form of L.donovani on a Leishman-stained smear prepared from biopsy material. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the disfiguring nature of Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia)?

<p>Damage primarily to the nose and mouth due to ulcers caused by L.braziliensis and L.mexicana. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Leishmania parasites primarily invade human cells?

<p>As intracellular parasites inside macrophages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Leishmaniasis necessitate strong cell-mediated immunity for control?

<p>Due to being an intracellular pathogen requiring cell-mediated immune responses for containment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can leishmaniasis be partly prevented according to the text?

<p>By sleeping under nets treated with insecticide and reservoir control programs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main habitat of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum in the human body?

<p>Reticuloendothelial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of Old World leishmaniasis?

<p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method for leishmaniasis involves a skin scraping?

<p>Needle aspiration of tissue fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode through which the infection of leishmaniasis spreads in the human body?

<p>Bite of sandfly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective diagnostic method for identifying Leishmania DNA?

<p>DNA testing (PCR) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes visceral leishmaniasis from cutaneous leishmaniasis?

<p>Intracellular replication in reticuloendothelial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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