LEC.2 Blood and Tissue Flagellates Leishmania spp.
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Questions and Answers

Which sandfly genus transmits Old World leishmaniasis caused by L.donovani and L.infantum?

  • Simulium
  • Lutzomyia
  • Phlebotomus (correct)
  • Psychodopygus

    • What are the two known stages of Leishmania in its life cycle?

  • Amoeba and Cyst
  • Trophozoite and Schizont
  • Sporozoite and Merozoite
  • Promastigote and Amastigote (correct)

    • In which part of the sandfly does Leishmania transform from amastigotes to promastigotes?

  • Head
  • Wings
  • Stomach (correct)
  • Legs

    • What happens when promastigotes are released from the proboscis of a sandfly during a bite?

    <p>They are introduced locally at the bite site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Leishmanin test negative in active cases of kala-azar?

    <p>Due to impaired Cell-mediated immunity in active kala-azar patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the diagnosis of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) be established?

    <p>By demonstrating the amastigote form of L.donovani on a Leishman-stained smear prepared from biopsy material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the disfiguring nature of Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia)?

    <p>Damage primarily to the nose and mouth due to ulcers caused by L.braziliensis and L.mexicana.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Leishmania parasites primarily invade human cells?

    <p>As intracellular parasites inside macrophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Leishmaniasis necessitate strong cell-mediated immunity for control?

    <p>Due to being an intracellular pathogen requiring cell-mediated immune responses for containment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can leishmaniasis be partly prevented according to the text?

    <p>By sleeping under nets treated with insecticide and reservoir control programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main habitat of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum in the human body?

    <p>Reticuloendothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of Old World leishmaniasis?

    <p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method for leishmaniasis involves a skin scraping?

    <p>Needle aspiration of tissue fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode through which the infection of leishmaniasis spreads in the human body?

    <p>Bite of sandfly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective diagnostic method for identifying Leishmania DNA?

    <p>DNA testing (PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes visceral leishmaniasis from cutaneous leishmaniasis?

    <p>Intracellular replication in reticuloendothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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