Blood and Tissue Flagellates Leishmania spp. Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Leishmania spp. is transmitted by certain types of mosquitoes.

False

Old world leishmaniasis is caused by L.mexicana.

False

The life cycle of Leishmania is completed in one host only.

False

Promastigotes reproduce sexually in the sandfly's alimentary canal.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'New World' refers to Europe and Asia.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans can act as natural reservoir hosts for Leishmania.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leishmanin test is positive in active cases of kala-azar.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis primarily causes damage to the feet.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leishmania parasites replicate extracellularly within the human body.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vaccination for leishmaniasis mainly induces humoral immune response.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

PKDL diagnosis involves the demonstration of amastigote forms of L.donovani by a microscope.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prevention of leishmaniasis includes treating people with the disease early to prevent further spread.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leishmaniasis is a bacterial infection.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes an open sore at the bite site that heals in a few weeks.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leishmaniasis is mainly a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Visceral leishmaniasis predominantly affects the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

PKDL is a condition caused by the reversal of L.infantum from viscerotropic to dermatotropic.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A skin scraping with microscopic analysis using Wright or Giemsa stain is used for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leishmanin skin test is used for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis produces skin lesions that resemble chickenpox.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Old world leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sandfly genus transmits Old World leishmaniasis?

<p>Phlebotomus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the amastigote stage of Leishmania?

<p>Spherical</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the Americas in relation to leishmaniasis?

<p>New World</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which hosts is the life cycle of Leishmania completed?

<p>Humans and sandflies</p> Signup and view all the answers

After reaching the sandfly's stomach, amastigotes transform into which stage of Leishmania?

<p>Promastigote</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reservoir hosts are involved in the transmission of Leishmania?

<p>Humans, dogs, and wild rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Leishmanin test negative in active cases of kala-azar?

<p>Due to a lack of Cell-mediated immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia) in New World leishmaniasis?

<p>L.braziliensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Leishmania parasites replicate within the human body?

<p>Intracellularly inside macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some possible treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis?

<p>Fluconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prevention method can help reduce the incidence of leishmaniasis?

<p>Sleeping under nets treated with insecticide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does vaccination against leishmania pose a challenge?

<p>Requirement of humoral immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period for cutaneous leishmaniasis?

<p>Few weeks to 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most typical symptom of visceral leishmaniasis?

<p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism predominantly causes cutaneous leishmaniasis?

<p>L.tropica</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the habitat of Leishmania donovani and L.infantum in the human body?

<p>Liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis through a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction?

<p>Montenegro test</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for isolating the organism causing cutaneous leishmaniasis from a lesion?

<p>Needle aspiration of tissue fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of death in visceral leishmaniasis?

<p>Secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis' manifests as what type of skin lesions?

<p>'Measle-like' lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Black fever' is another name for which form of leishmaniasis?

<p>'Visceral' leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most commonly affected by visceral leishmaniasis?

<p>Children under 5 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Leishmania Overview

  • Leishmania spp. is a genus of parasitic protozoa transmitted primarily by certain types of sandflies, not mosquitoes.
  • Old World leishmaniasis is notably caused by L. mexicana, prevalent in Africa, Asia, and southern Europe.
  • The life cycle of Leishmania is completed within a single host, typically involving humans or other mammals.

Transmission and Reservoirs

  • Humans can serve as natural reservoir hosts, facilitating Leishmania transmission through sandfly bites.
  • Amastigotes transform into promastigotes upon reaching the sandfly's alimentary canal and reproduce there.

Types of Leishmaniasis

  • 'New World' leishmaniasis refers specifically to cases found in the Americas, distinct from 'Old World' cases.
  • Visceral leishmaniasis primarily affects internal organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, frequently known as 'black fever'.
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis results in an open sore at the bite site that typically heals within a few weeks, with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis causing lesions resembling chickenpox.

Diagnosis and Testing

  • The Leishmanin skin test is used for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis through a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction.
  • Diagnosis of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) involves identifying amastigote forms of L. donovani via microscopy.
  • Microscopic analysis using Wright or Giemsa stains is the primary method for isolating the organism causing cutaneous leishmaniasis from a lesion.

Immunology and Vaccination

  • Vaccination efforts focus on inducing a humoral immune response, although challenges exist due to complex parasite biology.
  • A positive Leishmanin test indicates active cases of kala-azar, but may be negative during acute stages.

Symptoms and Incubation

  • Primary symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis include severe fever and weight loss, often leading to significant morbidity and mortality if untreated.
  • The typical incubation period for cutaneous leishmaniasis ranges from weeks to months.

Prevention and Treatment

  • Early treatment of infected individuals is crucial for preventing further spread.
  • Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia) is primarily caused by L. braziliensis in the New World.
  • Possible treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis include topical therapies and systemic medications, depending on severity.

Epidemiology

  • Visceral leishmaniasis most commonly affects children and those with compromised immune systems.
  • PKDL most often occurs as a complication following treatment for visceral leishmaniasis, leading to dermatological manifestations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Leishmania spp., the causative agents of Leishmaniasis disease spread by specific sandflies. Learn about the geographical distribution and classification of the disease into Old World and New World leishmaniasis.

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