30 Questions
What percentage of hypertensive patients are asymptomatic or only have trivial complications?
One-third
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypertension?
Fever
What is the purpose of palpating the right brachial pulse before taking blood pressure measurement?
To locate the brachial artery
How many minutes should a patient avoid alcohol and smoking before taking blood pressure measurement?
30 minutes
What is the correct placement of the sphygmomanometer cuff?
On the right upper arm with 3 cm of skin visible at the antecubital fossa
What is the purpose of taking multiple blood pressure readings during diagnosis?
To get an accurate average reading
What is hypertension defined as in adults?
Sustained systolic blood pressure of 140 mmhg or greater
What is the difference between diastolic and systolic pressures called?
Pulse pressure
Which of the following systems is involved in regulating blood pressure?
Autonomic nervous system and endocrine system
What is the most common type of hypertension?
Primary/Essential/Idiopathic Hypertension
What is systolic pressure?
The force that the blood exerts on the artery walls as the heart contracts
What is diastolic pressure?
The residual pressure exerted on the arteries as the heart relaxes
Where should the stethoscope be placed when measuring blood pressure?
Over the brachial artery at the bend of the elbow
To what pressure should the cuff be inflated initially?
200-250 mmHg
What is the significance of the first tapping sounds heard?
Systolic pressure
What is the purpose of investigations in hypertension?
To identify a secondary cause and assess end-organ damage
What is included in the management of hypertension?
Lifestyle modifications and relaxation techniques
What is the significance of the sounds becoming muffled?
Diastolic pressure
What is the typical systolic blood pressure reading for accelerated hypertension?
200 mmHg
Which of the following is NOT a common complication of accelerated hypertension?
Pulmonary embolism
What is the aim of hospital admission for patients with accelerated hypertension?
To reduce blood pressure slowly with oral antihypertensives
What is the percentage of patients with accelerated hypertension who can expect to live for at least 5 years with vigorous treatment?
50%
What is the first task in the dental management of patients with hypertension?
To identify patients with hypertension
Which of the following is a rare treatment option for accelerated hypertension?
Intravenous antihypertensives
What is the recommended dental management for a patient with a blood pressure of 150/95?
Encourage the patient to seek medical consultation and provide any treatment
At what blood pressure is elective treatment deferred and the patient referred to a physician?
≥ 180/110
Why should a patient with high blood pressure be referred to a physician?
To determine if they can safely undergo dental treatment
What should be considered when treating a hypertensive patient?
Stress/anxiety reduction and establishment of good rapport
What is the main consideration for treating a patient with high blood pressure?
The benefit of treatment outweighs the potential risks
What is recommended for a hypertensive patient with a blood pressure of ≥ 160/100 but < 180/110?
Provide any treatment with intraoperative monitoring of blood pressure
This lecture covers the topics of hypertension, including its etiology, risk factors, clinical features, management, and dental implications. It also discusses oral manifestations and malignant hypertension.
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