Learning and Memory in a Social World - Lecture 19
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe when exposure to socially relevant stimuli influences impressions, judgments, goals, and actions?

  • Social priming (correct)
  • Social divergence
  • Social observation
  • Social inference
  • How can an individual's actions be affected in a social environment?

  • Only by their emotional state
  • By the beliefs they hold exclusively
  • Only by their personality traits
  • By both internal states and situational constraints (correct)
  • What effect did positive primes have in the study related to impression formation?

  • Led to neutral descriptions of behavior
  • Had no effect on judgment
  • Led to negative perceptions of personality
  • Led to positive descriptions of personality (correct)
  • What was the primary focus of the study related to priming social norms?

    <p>Priming behaviors related to specific social norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome for participants who were exposed to an image of a library before a task?

    <p>They were quicker to identify silence-related words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of negotiation and impression formation, what role do agents have?

    <p>They can affect your behavior or beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to infer the attributes of agents in a social environment?

    <p>Interpretation of their actions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive process assists individuals in interpreting ambiguous social situations?

    <p>Social knowledge retrieval from memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the inherent attributes that agents possess but cannot be directly perceived?

    <p>Latent attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does social priming have on participant behavior when related to norms?

    <p>It activates behavioral goals aligned with those norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does business priming tend to increase in individuals?

    <p>Competitive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental attribution error?

    <p>Ascribing behavior to personal dispositions over situational factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of attribution is described as requiring little cognitive effort?

    <p>Personal attribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does cognitive load have on attributions?

    <p>Limits the ability to analyze behavior critically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential downside of the automatic activation of social knowledge?

    <p>It may lead to incorrect situational judgments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects the actor-observer error?

    <p>People assume their actions reflect situational factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participants in studies often do not realize the connection between which two tasks?

    <p>Picture naming and situation rating tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes social environments according to the studies discussed?

    <p>They are inherently complex and often ambiguous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social priming often used to influence?

    <p>Behavioral responses in social settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the process of making personal attributions described?

    <p>Quick and automatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning and Memory in a Social World (Lecture 19)

    • Social environments are complex, often ambiguous, populated by agents with individual goals, motivations, internal states (beliefs, emotions), and latent attributes (personality).
    • Agents interact; trying to influence behavior or beliefs (e.g., negotiation, impression formation, reputation management).
    • Agents' attributes are inferred from actions, but actions are affected by situational constraints. The same person may act differently in different situations.
    • Social situations are sometimes uncertain; people use past knowledge to interpret new situations or to fill in the gaps, to understand/relate new situations to past experience.

    Social Priming

    • Social priming: exposure to socially relevant stimuli influencing impressions, judgments, goals, and actions.
    • Social priming is a general memory phenomenon (priming) applied to social concepts.
    • Priming influences impression formation, activation of behavioral norms, and attributions.
    • Studies show prior exposure to trait adjectives influences judgments of other behaviors. Participants primed with positive adjectives (e.g., adventurous) had more positive judgments than those primed with negative adjectives (e.g., stubborn).
    • Priming can also influence social norms. (e.g, Participants primed with business-related images judged situations as more competitive.)

    Social Priming: Attributions

    • Attributions are explanations of behaviors—personal or situational.
    • Fundamental attribution error: tendency to attribute behavior to personality rather than situation.
    • Actor-observer bias: People attribute behaviors of others due to personality factors, but their own behavior due to specific situational factors.
    • Two-stage theory of attribution: First stage is automatic & personal; Second stage is slower and considers the situation.

    Priming Manipulation

    • Priming manipulations (e.g., showing images related to anxiety or quiet environments) can influence participants' perceptions and behaviors.
    • Cognitive load manipulations (e.g., simultaneous attention-demanding tasks) can impact the depth of analysis.

    Summary

    • Social environments are complex and ambiguous.
    • Priming leverages existing knowledge for interpretation of social situations.
    • Priming (through priming techniques like semantic networks) is a subtle, automatic process, influencing our interactions with others in complex social situations.
    • Subtle information in the environment affects perceptions and responses to situations.

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    Description

    This quiz explores concepts from Lecture 19 on how social environments and interactions impact learning and memory. It covers topics such as social priming and the complexity of agent behaviors influenced by situational factors. Assess your understanding of these intricate dynamics within social contexts.

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