Leadership Session 3: Global Business Leaders
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary characteristic of individualistic societies?

  • Focus on long-term relationships over achievements
  • Value group harmony over personal goals
  • Emphasize strict rules and stability
  • Prioritize personal goals and independence (correct)

    • Which example best represents a society with high masculinity?

  • Greece, emphasizing rules and stability
  • Japan, prioritizing competition and achievement (correct)
  • Sweden, with its focus on leisure and freedom
  • China, focusing on thrift and perseverance

    • What defines a society with high uncertainty avoidance?

  • Preference for risk-taking and change
  • Adaptability to ambiguous situations
  • Encouragement of individual expression
  • Existence of strict behavioral norms (correct)

    • In terms of orientation, what do long-term oriented societies value?

    <p>Perseverance and thrift (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding indulgent societies?

    <p>They encourage freedom of expression and leisure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is most associated with individualism?

    <p>USA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a high power distance culture?

    <p>Acceptance of hierarchical structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of culture are social gender roles most clearly distinct?

    <p>High masculine cultures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is mentioned as having the highest level of uncertainty avoidance in Europe?

    <p>France (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is indicated as using teamwork the most despite being primarily individualistic?

    <p>Canada (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely a characteristic of low uncertainty avoidance cultures?

    <p>Comfort with ambiguity and unpredictability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes short-term orientation in cultures?

    <p>Desire for quick rewards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome for employees in high feminine cultures regarding leadership?

    <p>They prefer caring and tolerant leaders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the single most important element of a global leader according to the discussed concepts?

    <p>Humility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does power distance affect the relationship between individuals in a high power distance culture?

    <p>There is a clear acceptance of unequal power distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Hofstede’s Masculinity Index, what does a high masculine score indicate about societal roles?

    <p>Men are assertive and focused on material success (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the uncertainty avoidance dimension measure in a society?

    <p>The degree of comfort with uncertainty and the unknown (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Uncertainty Avoidance Index measure in cross-cultural psychology?

    <p>Tolerance of unpredictability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes masculine societies?

    <p>There are clear distinctions in gender roles, with men being assertive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of effective global leaders?

    <p>Culturally diverse and adaptable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following VABEs is described as the most destructive for global leaders?

    <p>Assumptions of cultural superiority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes low power distance cultures like France?

    <p>Striving for equal distribution of power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of deep self-awareness for global leaders?

    <p>It promotes an understanding of personal biases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographic identity level is NOT mentioned in the context of culture?

    <p>Corporate Sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In high masculine countries, society is often described as:

    <p>Competitive and tough (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does humility play in effective global leadership?

    <p>It fosters collaboration across cultures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do collectivist cultures prioritize their decisions?

    <p>According to family connections and community responsibilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a 'devil's advocate' in Swedish organizations?

    <p>To suggest improvements through constructive disagreement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is NOT typically associated with effective global leadership?

    <p>Inflexibility in cultural diversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does low power distance culture typically respond to authority figures?

    <p>By striving to equalize power distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main characteristics that differentiate high masculine societies from high feminine ones?

    <p>Emphasis on assertiveness and competitiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes uncertainty avoidance in cultures?

    <p>The tendency to maintain strict rules and expectations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key societal characteristic of masculine cultures?

    <p>Value placed on competition and material success (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of geographic identity levels, which level is considered the most specific?

    <p>Family (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about long-term oriented societies is accurate?

    <p>They focus on thrift and perseverance in working towards future rewards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does a lack of humility have on global leadership?

    <p>It can lead to a 'I'm Right and You are wrong!' mentality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High uncertainty avoidance societies are generally characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Strict codes of behavior and aversion to ambiguity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about high uncertainty avoidance cultures is correct?

    <p>They prefer structured environments with clear guidelines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between cultural dimensions and global leadership effectiveness?

    <p>Understanding cultural dimensions is essential for effective leadership (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily distinguishes collectivist societies from individualistic ones?

    <p>Loyalty to the group and emphasis on harmony. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indulgent societies are noted for which of the following traits?

    <p>Encouragement of enjoying life and personal freedom. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is least aligned with the qualities of effective global leaders?

    <p>Cultural insensitivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do individuals in low power distance countries typically react to distributed authority?

    <p>They strive to equalize the distribution of power. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is least associated with effective global leaders?

    <p>Competitiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical focus of individualistic cultures when making decisions?

    <p>Personal autonomy and self-reliance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cultural context are social gender roles most likely to be emphasized?

    <p>High masculinity cultures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of high feminine cultures regarding societal structure?

    <p>Emphasis on consensus and community welfare (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a high power distance culture from a low power distance culture?

    <p>High power distance cultures accept unequal power distribution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the role of 'devil's advocate' in Swedish organizations?

    <p>To encourage debate and suggest improvements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of collectivist cultures like China?

    <p>Focus on social group relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of uncertainty avoidance, which culture is known for its high level of risk aversion?

    <p>France (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the masculine societal roles in a high masculine culture?

    <p>Social roles are distinctly divided with assertive men and caring women. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is characterized by a preference for teamwork, despite its individualistic nature?

    <p>Canada (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a high power distance society typically organize itself?

    <p>Accepting significant inequality within social structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dimensions reflects how societies cope with unpredictability?

    <p>Uncertainty Avoidance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which context would one expect a short-term oriented society to focus primarily on?

    <p>Maximizing immediate profits and benefits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a high femininity culture in terms of societal behavior?

    <p>Preference for dialogue and consensus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Culture

    A shared set of values, assumptions, beliefs, and expectations within a group of people.

    Global Business Leader's Key Quality

    Humility - the ability to respect the identities and affiliations of others.

    Power Distance

    How a society views the distribution of power among its members.

    High Power Distance Culture

    A culture where members accept unequal distribution of power.

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    Low Power Distance Culture

    A culture that strives for equal distribution of power among members.

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    Masculinity Index

    Indicates the degree to which a culture distinguishes between traditional social gender roles.

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    High Masculinity Culture

    A society considered tough and competitive, where gender roles are distinct.

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    Uncertainty Avoidance Index

    Represents how cultures deal with uncertainty and unpredictability.

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    Uncertainty Avoidance

    The degree to which a society feels comfortable with uncertainty and the unknown.

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    Masculinity

    A cultural dimension where social roles are clearly distinct, with men focusing on material success and women on quality of life.

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    High Power Distance

    A society where power is accepted as unevenly distributed.

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    Low Power Distance

    A society where people strive for an equal distribution of power.

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    Individualism

    A cultural perspective prioritizing personal goals and self-reliance.

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    Collectivism

    A cultural perspective where group harmony and family are more important than individual desires.

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    Effective Global Leader Characteristics

    Characteristics like overseas experience, cultural adaptability, humility, and strategic thinking are important for success in international business.

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    Individualistic Societies

    Prioritize individual goals over group harmony.

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    Collectivist Societies

    Value group harmony and loyalty.

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    Masculine Cultures

    Value competition, achievement, and material success.

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    Feminine Cultures

    Emphasize relationships and quality of life.

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    Collectivist Culture

    A culture where people define themselves based on their social group.

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    Individualistic Culture

    A culture where people define themselves independently from their social group.

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    Masculinity (Culture)

    Culture valuing assertiveness, toughness, and material success.

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    Femininity (Culture)

    Culture valuing modesty, tenderness, and quality of life.

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    High Uncertainty Avoidance

    A culture with low tolerance for uncertainty and the unknown.

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    Short-Term Orientation

    A cultural focus on immediate results and rewards.

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    Long-Term Orientation

    A cultural focus on future rewards and building relationships.

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    Cultural VABEs

    Values, Assumptions, Beliefs, and Expectations that are shared by a group of people and form the foundation of their culture.

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    Humility (Leadership)

    A core characteristic of a global leader, which involves respecting and valuing the identity and affiliations of others.

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    Overseas Experience

    Gaining experience working in different cultures is crucial for developing cultural intelligence and understanding.

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    High Power Distance Example

    In high power distance cultures, like France, subordinates are expected to defer to authority figures and avoid direct confrontation.

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    Low Power Distance Example

    In low power distance cultures, like Sweden, people are expected to challenge authority and engage in functional conflict to improve ideas.

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    Individualism vs. Collectivism

    This dimension describes how individuals relate to their social groups. In individualistic cultures, personal goals and autonomy are prioritized. In collectivist cultures, group harmony and social responsibility are paramount.

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    Individualism Example

    In individualistic cultures, like the United States, people tend to make decisions based on their personal preferences and seek opportunities for personal growth.

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    Collectivism Example

    In collectivist cultures, like Japan, emphasis is placed on maintaining group harmony and loyalty to the family or company.

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    High Uncertainty Avoidance Example

    In high uncertainty avoidance cultures, like Germany, people prefer structured environments and clear guidelines for making decisions.

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    Study Notes

    SKEMA Business School Leadership: Session 3

    • The session focuses on global business leaders, particularly examining the case of an American manager in Paris.
    • Key topics include:
      • Cultures and Values (VABES)
      • Characteristics of effective global leaders
      • Overseas Experience
      • Deep Self-Awareness
      • Humility (transitioning from good to great leadership)
      • Group Case Analysis
    • The session explores the environmental factors and issues of global leadership, focusing on the interconnectedness of Self, Others/People, Task, and Organization.
    • Culture is defined as a group of people sharing significant Values, Assumptions, Beliefs, and Expectations. Explaining culture is like explaining a song without singing it. Culture has many geographic identity levels (human, global region, nation, etc.)
    • Humility is identified as a crucial element for transitioning good to great global leadership.
    • Effective global leaders must navigate multiple geographic identities and demonstrate humility to respect the identities and affiliations of others.
    • The concept of Hofstede's cultural dimensions is presented as a framework for understanding cultural differences, and includes the categories of: power distance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term vs short-term orientation, and indulgence vs restraint.
    • Power distance refers to the relationship between those in power and subordinates in a society: higher power distance cultures accept unequal power distribution, lower power distance cultures strive to equalize power.
    • Masculinity in a society emphasizes distinct social gender roles, where men are assertive and focused on material success while women are modest and focus on quality of life. Feminine cultures are consensus-oriented and tender.
    • Uncertainty avoidance relates to a society's tolerance of unpredictability and emphasizes the unknown.
    • High uncertainty avoidance cultures prefer structure and rules, whereas low uncertainty avoidance cultures are more flexible.
    • Global leaders need overseas experience, deep self-awareness, culturally diverse and adaptable traits, humility, lifelong learning and curiosity; honesty, strong global strategic skills, good negotiation skills; and strong human presence.
    • There are specific recommendations for group work and case analysis: Students are to work in groups, determine relevant Hofstede and VABES dimensions of the case study, identify the reasons why the manager failed, and suggest alternative management strategies.
    • The case study, evaluation criteria, and a document on case analysis are provided. This relates specifically to a case study titled "An American in Paris."

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    Skema Business School Leadership: Session 3 PDF

    Description

    This session delves into the characteristics of effective global leaders, particularly through the case study of an American manager in Paris. Key themes include cultural values, humility in leadership, and deep self-awareness, emphasizing the interconnectedness of self, others, tasks, and organizations in a global business context.

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