Leadership Session 3: Global Business Leaders

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Questions and Answers

What do individualistic societies primarily prioritize?

  • Group harmony and loyalty
  • Strict codes of behavior
  • Personal goals and independence (correct)
  • Immediate outcomes

Which culture is characterized as having high masculinity, emphasizing competition and material success?

  • Japan (correct)
  • Sweden
  • Greece
  • China

High uncertainty avoidance in a culture indicates a preference for which of the following?

  • Flexibility and spontaneity
  • Rules and stability (correct)
  • Immediate gratification
  • Long-term planning

Which of the following countries is known for its high long-term orientation, focusing on future rewards?

<p>China (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is associated with indulgent societies?

<p>Encouragement of leisure and free gratification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the single most important element of a global leader?

<p>Humility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In high power distance countries, how do individuals generally respond to authority?

<p>They accept unequal distribution of power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which VABE is identified as the most destructive according to the content?

<p>I'm Right and You are Wrong (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Masculinity Index signify in a society?

<p>The extent of gender role distinctiveness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cultures with low uncertainty avoidance typically behave?

<p>They embrace variability and are open to the unpredictable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of culture as suggested in the content?

<p>A group of people sharing significant VABEs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is essential for global business leaders to effectively work across geographic identities?

<p>The ability to respect identities and affiliations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Uncertainty Avoidance Index measure?

<p>Tolerance for unpredictability across cultures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is masculinity defined in cultural dimensions?

<p>A society with distinct roles where men are assertive and women are more tender. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does low power distance in a culture imply?

<p>People strive for equal power distribution and challenge authority. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits is NOT characteristic of effective global leaders?

<p>Ruthlessness in negotiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of culture is group harmony prioritized over individual goals?

<p>Collectivist cultures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these characteristics is most associated with high masculine societies?

<p>Focus on material success and competitiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the role of functional conflict in low power distance cultures?

<p>It is welcomed as a means for improvement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about individualism in cultural frameworks?

<p>Individualism supports community engagement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for a leader's failure in intercultural settings according to Hofstede's dimensions?

<p>Inadequate understanding of cultural differences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a high power distance culture?

<p>A general acceptance of hierarchy and inequality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is described as having a low uncertainty avoidance?

<p>UK (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of teamwork, which of the following is true about Canada?

<p>Canada demonstrates a significant level of teamwork despite being individualistic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is masculinity defined in the context of cultural dimensions?

<p>A society with distinct gender roles emphasizing assertiveness and material success (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect defines long-term orientation in a culture?

<p>A preference for solid partnerships and future security (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do French people generally approach risk in financial matters?

<p>They prefer to invest conservatively to avoid uncertainty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes collectivist cultures from individualistic cultures?

<p>Collectivist cultures define self-identity in relation to social groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In high feminine cultures, which of the following characteristics is most likely emphasized?

<p>Care and concern for quality of life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Culture

A shared set of values, assumptions, beliefs, and expectations within a group of people.

Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions

Model describing how cultures differ based on power distance, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance.

Power Distance

The degree to which a society accepts an unequal distribution of power.

High Power Distance

Societies where power is distributed unequally and accepted by members.

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Low Power Distance

Societies where people strive for equal distribution of power.

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Masculinity

The degree to which a culture prioritizes assertiveness, competition, and material success.

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Uncertainty Avoidance

How a culture handles unpredictable situations and risks.

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Global Business Leader

A person who leads effectively in an international business context by being humble and respecting others' cultures.

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Femininity

A cultural value that emphasizes nurturing, cooperation, and quality of life.

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Individualism

A cultural value that emphasizes personal goals, independence, and self-reliance.

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Collectivism

A cultural value that places a high priority on group harmony, family ties, and community.

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Effective Global Leaders

Leaders who show overseas experience, self-awareness, cultural adaptability, humility, curiosity, honesty, strategic vision, strong communication, negotiation skills, empathy, and presence.

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Individualistic Society

Prioritizes individual goals, self-reliance, and personal achievement. Individuals are expected to take care of themselves and their immediate family.

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Collectivist Society

Valuing group harmony, loyalty, and social responsibility. Individuals are expected to prioritize the needs and well-being of the group.

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Masculine Culture

Emphasizes assertiveness, competition, and material success. Values typically associated with traditional masculine roles.

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Feminine Culture

Prioritizes relationships, quality of life, and cooperation. Values typically associated with traditional feminine roles.

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Collectivist Cultures

Cultures where individuals prioritize the needs of their group over their own personal goals. They value harmony and cooperation within the group.

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Individualistic Cultures

Cultures where individuals prioritize their own needs and goals over those of the group. They value independence and strive for personal achievement.

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Masculinity in Cultures

Reflects a society where gender roles are distinct. Men are expected to be assertive and focused on achievement, while women are expected to be more nurturing and concerned with quality of life.

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Femininity in Cultures

Reflects a society where gender roles are more fluid. Both men and women are encouraged to be caring and focus on relationships and quality of life.

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Short-Term Orientation

Cultures prioritize immediate results and focus on the present, often seeking quick gains and short-term satisfaction.

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Study Notes

SKEMA Business School Leadership: Session 3

  • Global Business Leader Case: An American in Paris
  • Topics: Cultures and VABES, Characteristics of Effective Global Leaders, Overseas Experience, Deep Self-Awareness, Humility (From Good to Great), Group Case Analysis
  • Environmental Factors/Issues: The framework includes Self, Others/People, Task, and Organization

What is Culture?

  • Explaining a culture is like explaining a song without singing it

  • Culture has multiple geographic identity levels (human, global region, nation, national region, city, neighborhood, family, individual)

  • Culture is a group of people sharing significant VABES (Values, Assumptions, Beliefs, and Expectations)

  • The single most important element for a global leader is humility.

What is Culture (continued)?

  • Global Business Leaders need to work across all geographic identities and do so effectively with humility.
  • The most destructive VABE is "I'm right, and you're wrong!"

Cultures are a Collection of VABES

  • Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions
    • Power Distance (the relationship between those in power and subordinates in a society)
    • Individualism vs. Collectivism (prioritizing personal goals vs. group harmony)
    • Masculinity vs. Femininity (distinct social gender roles)
    • Uncertainty Avoidance (tolerance for unpredictability)
    • Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation (focus on future rewards vs. immediate outcomes)
    • Indulgence vs. Restraint (free gratification of human desires vs. stricter social norms)

Power Distance & Masculinity Index

  • Power distance refers to the relationship between those in power and those in subordinate positions.
  • High Power Distance cultures accept unequal power distribution, while low Power Distance cultures strive for equality.
  • Masculinity describes societies with distinct gender roles; men are assertive and focused on success, while women are modest and concerned with quality of life. High Masculine countries are competitive. High feminine countries are consensus-oriented.

Uncertainty Avoidance Index

  • Uncertainty avoidance is how cultures differ in their tolerance for unpredictability and the unknown.

France and Great Britain on Risk Avoidance

  • French culture dislikes risk
  • British culture likes risk

Characteristics of Effective Global Leaders

  • Overseas Experience
  • Deep self-awareness
  • Culturally Diverse (Adaptable)
  • Humility
  • Lifelong Learning and Curiosity
  • Honesty
  • Globally Strategic
  • Well Spoken
  • Good Negotiators
  • Human Presence (visible)

Case: An American in Paris

  • Case analysis and evaluation grid are available.
  • Students will work in groups (same as presentation groups)
  • Identify cultural differences (Hofstede and VABES).
  • Determine the reasons for the manager's failure.
  • Analyze alternative actions for improved effectiveness.

Additional Cultural Dimensions (Page 13-14)

  • Power Distance: France has low power distance (people do not accept that power is unequally allocated).
  • Individualism vs Collectivism: Different countries value individual rights vs. group harmony.
  • Masculinity/Femininity: Gender roles vary across cultures.
  • Uncertainty Avoidance: Tolerance for unpredictability, varies.
  • Long-Term vs Short-Term Orientation: Focus on future rewards vs. immediate outcomes.
  • Indulgence vs Restraint: Society's view of expressing desires vs remaining restrained by social norms.

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