Law and Paramedics - UAE Government Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the general requirements for paramedics’ licensure in the UAE?

Comprehensive skill demonstration

Professional licenses (correct)

Psychological evaluation

Personal health assessment

Which group of students is exempted from the authority examinations in the UAE?

Foreign paramedic graduates

Students with prior licenses

Emirati students (correct)

International students

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for paramedics' licensure in the UAE?

Assessment

Educational qualifications

Primary source verification

Criminal background check (correct)

What does 'discontinuity of practice' refer to in the context of paramedics’ licensure?

Lapse in paramedic practice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of 'professional experiences' required for paramedic licensure?

Internships in hospitals Signup and view all the answers

What does microethics refer to?

The individual's views on right and wrong Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of macroethics?

Global views of right and wrong Signup and view all the answers

How can morality be best defined?

A class of rules held by society to govern individual conduct Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes both microethics and macroethics?

Both represent views on right and wrong Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best contrasts microethics with macroethics?

Microethics concerns individual beliefs, while macroethics concerns societal beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What does a Power of Attorney allow a principal to do?

Authorize another individual to act on their behalf Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the attorney-in-fact in a Power of Attorney arrangement?

To execute the principal's wishes on their behalf Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a General Power of Attorney?

It allows broad powers to the attorney-in-fact to act on the principal's behalf Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential limitation of a Power of Attorney?

It may not be valid in all states without specific legal requirements Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the principal in a Power of Attorney arrangement?

The person who creates the Power of Attorney Signup and view all the answers

How long should paper based health records of UAE national patients be retained?

10 years Signup and view all the answers

For how many years should paper based dental records be stored for expatriate patients?

10 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the retention period for paper based health records of medico-legal cases?

20 years Signup and view all the answers

Which type of paper based health records has the longest retention period?

Health records of medico-legal cases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about retention periods of health records is true?

Both dental and health records of UAE nationals are kept for 10 years. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ‘Salama’ electronic medical record system established by the Dubai Health Authority?

To centralize access to medical records for patients and doctors. Signup and view all the answers

Who benefits from the new portal created by the Salama system?

Patients and doctors accessing records. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the Salama system implemented by the Dubai Health Authority?

Centralized access to records across DHA. Signup and view all the answers

What does the establishment of the Salama system indicate about the Dubai Health Authority's approach to healthcare?

An emphasis on digital transformation and accessibility. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the Salama electronic medical record system?

To limit patient access to their medical history. Signup and view all the answers

What types of donors are allowed for organ and tissue transplantation in the UAE?

Both living and deceased donors are accepted. Signup and view all the answers

What role does surrogate decision-making play in the context of patient care?

It involves an agent making decisions on behalf of a patient who cannot make their own decisions. Signup and view all the answers

Who can act as a surrogate decision-maker for a patient?

An agent designated by the patient or authorized by law. Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would surrogate decision-making be necessary?

When a patient is unable to make their own medical decisions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding organ and tissue transplantation policies in the UAE?

Transplantation can be facilitated by both living and deceased donors. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 1.1: Law and Paramedics

Law is a set of rules and regulations governing relationships between individuals and organizations.
Law helps people understand their duties and expectations from others.
Law helps control behavior to maintain public safety and efficiency.
Paramedics need to understand law to know their rights and responsibilities, avoid legal issues, and ensure ethical behavior at work.
General Areas of Law include Constitutional, Administrative, and Criminal Law.
Private Law (Civil Law) defines rights and duties between individuals and organizations.
Criminal and civil law are most relevant to healthcare practitioners.

Chapter 1.2: Types of Government in the UAE

The UAE has two types of government: Federal and Local.
Federal government is supported by federal entities and ministries.
Local government is supported by rulers' courts, executive councils, municipalities, and consultative councils.
Traditional governance structures like Majlis still exist.
The UAE constitution was adopted in 1996, comprising 152 articles outlining citizen rights and the political/constitutional organization.
Five federal government authorities govern the UAE: Federal Supreme Court, UAE President and Vice President, Federal Council of Ministries, Federal National Council, and Federal Judiciary.

Chapter 1.3: Torts

A tort is a civil wrong against a person or property for which a court provides a remedy.
Two types of torts are intentional misconduct (willful) and unintentional (accidental).
Intentional torts may include assault, battery, false imprisonment, defamation, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.
Examples of unintentional torts include negligence (commission or omission), which is the most common in medical liability cases.

Chapter 1.4: Civil and Criminal Lawsuits

Liability is the state of being legally responsible.
Civil lawsuits aim for compensation for damages or injuries.
Examples of common civil lawsuits against paramedics include emergency vehicle crashes, dispatch/transport issues, and quality of medical care.
Criminal prosecutions are government actions against individuals violating criminal laws.

Chapter 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, and 2.5: Patient Rights

Patient rights are the moral and legal entitlements of eligible patients treated in healthcare facilities.
Patient rights are important for improving healthcare systems' efficiency and patient safety.
Key ethical issues include autonomy, informed consent, privacy, confidentiality, risk information, refusal of treatment, personal safety, and protection.

Consent is a voluntary agreement by a competent person to allow something to be done to them.
Four elements for valid consent are voluntariness, sufficient information, details of the treatment, and decision-making capacity.
Reasons for declaring a person incompetent include inadequate age, mental disability, impairment of judgment, and acute disturbances of consciousness.
Forms of consent include expressed consent (verbal or written) and implied consent (determined by actions).

Informed consent requires paramedics to explain to patients, potential risks of treatment, alternatives, and consequences of refusal.
Circumstances may allow for consent to be waived (e.g., emergency situations).

Chapter 3.1: Administrative Regulations

Administrative regulations define the specific rules and standards paramedics must follow.
Paramedic education includes cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning throughout their lives.
Education may be formal, informal, through technical or university programs.
Processes like accreditation and certification ensure educational standards are met.
Licensure and registration formalize a paramedic's ability to perform their job.
Scope of practice guidelines define permitted paramedic activities.

Chapter 3.2 & 3.3: EMS and Paramedic Licensing

The UAE strives for a world-class healthcare system through initiatives like localized health authorities, federal health authorities, and a national ambulance system.
Essential requirements for paramedics' licensure in the UAE include educational qualifications, professional experience, professional licenses, primary source verification (e.g., educational credentials), assessment (likely including skills testing), and verification of absence of any practice discontinuity.

Chapter 3.4: Ambulance Usage and Medical Conditions

An ambulance is a vehicle carrying mobile hospital medical care for transporting patients in critical conditions.
Common medical conditions requiring ambulance use include acute cardiac distress, severe bleeding, trauma, loss of consciousness, extensive injuries, and immediate oxygen requirements.

Chapter 4.1: Ethics

Ethics seeks to understand the nature, justification, purposes, and moral rules.
Microethics concern individual views on right and wrong, while macroethics involves societal views.
Morality defines the rules of conduct for members of a society based on family, culture, and societal influences.
A code of conduct explains ethical standards for an organization or profession.
Standards guide conduct, while principles describe responsibilities.

Chapter 4.2: The Study of Ethics

Meta-ethics studies the origin and meanings of ethical concepts.
Normative ethics aims to define moral standards to be followed.
Descriptive ethics studies people's beliefs about right and wrong and reasons.
Applied ethics examines ethical questions in controversial situations.
Main philosophies of normative ethics are consequentialism (e.g., utilitarianism and hedonism) and virtue ethics.

Chapter 4.3: Bioethics Principles

Bioethics includes the four principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice.

Chapter 5.1: Decision Making Model

Precare is a decision-making model assisting paramedics with decision-making.
The model includes identifying the problem, gathering information (recognise), and deciding on ethical considerations, alternative approaches, legal regulations, and making a final decision.

Chapter 5.2: Governance History

Governance history includes aspects of control (self-governance, group-governance, legal regimes), such as the Code of Hammurabi and Roman Law's Code of Justinian.

Chapter 5.3: Ethical Challenges

Ethical issues arise before intervention, due to justice, autonomy, and stigmatization (e.g., drug addiction).
Challenges related to treatment process include patient refusal of treatment, patient triage, and disagreements between patients, families, and healthcare providers (e.g., during difficult cases).
Other issues might be related to the use of ambulance and human issues (e.g., respect for human life).

Chapter 5.4: Euthanasia

Euthanasia (mercy killing) is a controversial issue involving moral, ethical, and legal conflicts.

Chapter 6.1: Patient Care Record (PCR)

PCRs document objective and subjective information during patient care, including measurable and descriptive patient data.
PCR standards include accuracy, completeness, legibility, objectivity, timeliness, and validity.

Chapter 6.2: Electronic Documentation

Disadvantages of paper PCR include space requirements, potential mistakes, and the need for a centralized system.

Chapter 6.3: Mass Casualty Incidents

Mass casualty incidents involve cases of abused, negligent, or injuries.

Chapter 6.4: Successful Healthcare Innovation in UAE

The UAE has implemented initiatives like the Salama system to improve healthcare records standardization, patient information accessibility, big data analysis, and electronic medical records (EMR) systems.

Chapter 7: Paramedic Profession

Paramedicine is a specialized profession involving emergency medical help outside hospitals.
Key professional responsibilities relevant to social media are commitment to patient confidentiality, appropriate relations with patients, and professional responsibilities.
Social media activity requires adherence to professionalism, including respect for privacy, appropriate image, and avoidance of discriminatory language.

Storing of Health Records

Health records should be stored securely and for a designated amount of time.
Various requirements/conditions (e.g., location, length of time, types of records) should be followed for appropriate storage of all health records.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of law pertinent to paramedics, emphasizing rights, responsibilities, and the implications of various laws. Additionally, it explores the structure of government in the UAE, including both federal and local governance systems. Perfect for those studying healthcare law and governance in the UAE.