Legal Knowledge for Paramedics
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary benefits of understanding social duties?

  • It enhances individual freedom of speech.
  • It promotes personal wealth acquisition.
  • It eliminates the need for laws.
  • It helps people understand their duty to know what is expected from them. (correct)

    • How does understanding social responsibilities impact public safety?

  • It has no real effect on public safety.
  • It helps control behavior that could threaten public safety. (correct)
  • It supports behaviors that could threaten public safety.
  • It encourages reckless behavior.

    • Why is maintaining social duties important for society?

  • It helps keep society functioning efficiently. (correct)
  • It increases competition among individuals.
  • It facilitates isolation from others.
  • It reduces the need for social interaction.

    • What can be a consequence of not understanding social expectations?

    <p>Disruption in social order and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between individual duties and societal expectations?

    <p>Understanding individual duties can clarify societal expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for malpractice claims in medicine?

    <p>Tort of Negligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes negligence?

    <p>When one party fails to uphold a duty of care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of negligence, what are the essential elements that must be established?

    <p>Duty of care, breach, and harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Court of Appeal?

    <p>To try cases contested by the Court of First Instance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'duty of care' refer to in the context of negligence?

    <p>A legal responsibility to avoid causing harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description best fits the role of the Court of Cassation?

    <p>It has the power to try cases contested by the Court of Appeals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common liability issue faced in medical settings?

    <p>Tort of Negligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the Court of Appeal?

    <p>It is the second degree of litigation for contested cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a case is contested after being tried in the Court of Appeal?

    <p>It can be escalated to the Court of Cassation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly defines the relationship between the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance?

    <p>Cases decided in the Court of First Instance can be contested in the Court of Appeal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in communicating with a patient regarding their condition?

    <p>Explain the suspected injury or illness to the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When discussing treatment, what should also be included alongside the treatment plan?

    <p>Potential risks associated with the treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when discussing treatment options with a patient?

    <p>Other treatment options available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to explain both treatment and potential risks?

    <p>To enable informed decision-making by the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is least critical when explaining a suspected injury to a patient?

    <p>Using medical jargon to explain the condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the scope of practice primarily define?

    <p>The legal boundaries of licensed healthcare professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the scope of practice?

    <p>A legal distinction among healthcare professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of scope of practice, what is meant by 'the public'?

    <p>Individuals without any healthcare license</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the scope of practice important for licensed healthcare professionals?

    <p>It clarifies their legal responsibilities and limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does scope of practice impact different levels of licensed healthcare professionals?

    <p>It establishes a hierarchy of legal permissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stigmatization primarily relate to?

    <p>Individuals' diseases and social criticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of stigmatization?

    <p>Providing care for terminal cancer patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with stigmatization?

    <p>Positive reinforcement of behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common area where stigmatization occurs?

    <p>In care provided to drug addicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is likely to experience stigmatization?

    <p>Alcoholics and substance abusers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is a Law?

    • A set of rules and regulations governing relationships between individuals and organizations.
    • Helps people understand their duties and responsibilities.
    • Aids in controlling behaviors that threaten public safety and maintains efficient societal functions.

    Why is Law Important for Paramedics?

    • Understanding legal rights and responsibilities.
    • Preventing legal entanglements.
    • Protecting paramedics, patients, and coworkers.
    • Ensuring ethical conduct in the workplace and with patients.

    Areas of Law

    • General Law
      • Constitutional law: derived from the country's constitution.
      • Administrative law: governs the powers of administrative agencies.
      • Criminal law: focuses on maintaining justice, order, and safety.
    • Private Law: addresses rights and duties between private individuals and organizations.
      • Civil Law: allows individuals to sue others or the government.
    • Criminal and civil laws are crucial for healthcare practitioners.

    General Law

    • Governs the powers of the government and public authorities.
    • Controls actions between individuals and the government.
    • Includes Constitutional, Administrative, and Criminal law.
      • Examples of laws related to: trade, economy, public service regulation, and environmental issues.

    Criminal Law

    • Aims to maintain justice, public order, and safety, and protects individuals.
    • Offenses punishable by imprisonment or death.
    • Categories of criminal acts:
      • Felony: crimes punishable by more than a year imprisonment.
      • Misdemeanor: less serious crimes with less severe penalties.
    • Committing a crime involves an illegal act and intention.

    Civil Law

    • Deals with disputes between individuals, organizations, or the government.

    Examples of Civil Law Cases

    • Contract disputes
      • Family matters
      • Product liability
      • Trespassing
    • Tort cases: accidental wrongdoings causing harm to another.
    • Contract disputes: legally binding agreements between parties.

    Main Sources of Law in UAE

    • Sharia
    • Laws of the constitution
    • Civil Laws

    Civil Law System

    • Legal system used in UAE.

    Common Law Systems

    • Legal systems based on judicial decisions of courts.
    • Example countries: United States and England.

    Types of Government in UAE

    • Federal and local (supported by federal entities/ministries, and local level authorities and councils)
    • Traditional governance still exists (e.g., Majlis).

    Federal Supreme Court

    • The highest court in the UAE; consists of the rulers or all members of the UAE.
    • They plan federal laws, and approve the president's nominated prime minister.

    The President and Vice President of the UAE

    • Current president is Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
    • Current vice president is Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashed Al Maktoum.
    • Serve 5-year terms.

    Federal Council of Ministers

    • Consists of the prime minister, deputies, and number of ministries.
    • Conducts internal and external affairs of the nation.

    Federal National Council

    • Represents the entire people of the UAE.
    • Discusses and approves or rejects federal bills before submission to the president.

    UAE Judicial System

    • Courts operate fairly and independently.
    • Includes federal and local levels.
    • Specific emirates (such as Sharjah, Ajman, Fujairah, and Umm Al Quwain) follow the federal judicial system.

    Levels of Courts in the UAE

    • Court of First Instance: Handles civil, criminal, commercial, administrative, labor, and personal status disputes.
    • Court of Appeal: second degree appeals against decisions of the Court of First Instance.
    • Court of Cassation: higher judiciary and interprets laws.

    Judicial Circuits

    • Specific types of courts based on a specialty.
      • Labor court: employment disputes
      • Personal status court: family matters
      • Civil courts: general civil disputes.
      • Commercial courts: business transactions
      • Criminal courts: criminal cases

    Torts

    • Civil wrongs against persons or property, leading to actionable damages.
      • Intentional torts: deliberate actions causing harm.
        • Assault, Battery, False imprisonment, Defamation, Invasion of privacy.
      • Unintentional torts: acts causing harm without intent.
        • Negligence, Malpractice

    Elements to Prove Negligence

    1. Duty of Care: Legal obligation.
    2. Breach of Duty: Failure to fulfill the obligation for care
    3. Causation: Connection between breach and the harm caused.
    4. Damages or Injuries: Evidence of harm resulting from the negligence

    Patient Rights

    • Moral and legal entitlements.
    • Include autonomy, informed consent, privacy, confidentiality, refusal of treatment, personal safety and protection.

    Patient Responsibilities

    • Maintaining healthy lifestyle and disclosure of medical history.
    • Following medical instructions, seeking second opinions, and respectfully dealing with healthcare professionals.
    • Legal concept ensuring patients understand procedure risks, advantages, and treatment options before consent.
    • The four-step process for obtaining informed consent:
    1. Explaining condition
    2. Describing treatment
    3. Discussing other options.
    4. Potential consequences of refusal.
    • Emergency situations.

    Refusal of treatment:

    • Valid if patient has capacity, decision is voluntary, specific to the situation, and informed by appropriate information.

    Patient care records (PCR) types:

    • Objective Information (measurable), Subjective Information (patient reported).

    PCR Standards

    • Accurate, factual, complete, legible, objective, and valid documentation.

    PCR Disadvantages

    • Paper records required extra storage, led to mistakes and errors.
    • Electronic health records (EHR/EMR) offered better solutions.

    Healthcare Innovations in UAE (examples)

    • United electronic medical records (Salama)
    • Smart ambulances (accessing patient info to the medical team)

    Professionalism & Social Media

    • Duty to maintain patient confidentiality.
    • Maintaining appropriate relationships with patients.
    • Ethical conduct in social media.
    • Respecting professional duties when using social media.
    • Complying with laws regarding social media conduct.

    Ethical Challenges (examples)

    • Stigmatization, refusal of transport, dangerous situations, and safe driving.

    Advance Medical Directives

    • Legal documents outlining patient wishes if unable to make decisions
    • Examples include living wills or surrogate decision-makers.

    Euthanasia

    • Mercy killing, has many legal, ethical, and moral conflicts
    • Not allowed in UAE (Federal Decree Law No. 4)

    Futile CPR treatment:

    • A failure to save a life by CPR.

    Do NOT Resuscitate (DNR) orders

    • Specific written directions that a person does NOT wish to be resuscitated

    Withhold Treatment

    • Decision not to initiate or medical intervention for the patient if no hope of recovery exists.

    Withdraw Treatment

    • Decision to discontinue treatment or medical intervention when death is imminent and can't be avoided.

    Medical Errors

    • Medical errors caused by ignorance, lack of compliance with procedures, negligence, and not paying attention.
    • Ways in which medical complaints can be reported in UAE: Submitting medical complaints, filing civil lawsuits, and criminal complaints (requiring submission to medical liability committees before judicial review).

    Healthcare Professionals' Grievances

    • Healthcare professionals have the right to challenge reports from the Medical Liability Committee within 30 days of notification.
    • The Medical Liability Supreme Committee reviews complaints against the medical liability committee reports.

    Paramedic Defenses

    • Contributory negligence (patient's actions contributed to the injury), voluntary assumption of risk.

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    Law and Ethics Final 3 - AQA Past Paper PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the essential laws that paramedics must understand to perform their roles effectively. It covers various areas of law, including constitutional, administrative, civil, and criminal law, highlighting the importance of legal knowledge in emergency healthcare settings.

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