Knee and Hip Joint Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip joint?

  • Transverse acetabular ligament
  • Ischiofemoral ligament
  • Pubofemoral ligament
  • Iliofemoral ligament (correct)

What anatomical structure is formed by the convergence of the three bones of the coxal?

  • Obturator foramen
  • Greater sciatic notch
  • Acetabulum (correct)
  • Sacrum

Which movement occurs in the sagittal axis of the hip joint?

  • Flexion and extension (correct)
  • Internal and external rotation
  • Anteversion and retroversion
  • Abduction and adduction

What is the role of the ischiofemoral ligament in the hip joint?

<p>It reinforces dorsal stability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the pelvic brim that divides the pelvis into major and minor?

<p>Ischial tuberosity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone does not participate in the knee joint?

<p>Fibula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the medial meniscus in the knee?

<p>To stabilize the knee by restricting movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is classified as intracapsular in the knee?

<p>Anterior cruciate ligament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of curvature do the external femoral condyles have compared to the internal condyles?

<p>Greater curvature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which meniscus is more mobile due to its lack of attachment to the capsule?

<p>Lateral meniscus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape do the ends (horns) of the medial meniscus resemble?

<p>C-shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament connects the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to a femoral structure?

<p>Meniscofemoral ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the patellar ligament in the knee?

<p>Facilitating extension of the knee (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ankle joint?

<p>To facilitate flexo-extension movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments reinforce the ankle joint laterally?

<p>Lateral collateral ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a poorly formed plantar vault?

<p>Changes in podographic footprint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement can the ankle joint NOT perform?

<p>Abduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure plays a crucial role in maintaining the mortaja tibioastragalina?

<p>The interosseous membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of a forced inversion movement at the ankle?

<p>Lateral collateral ligament sprain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the ankle anatomy?

<p>Patella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament comprises four fascicles and reinforces the medial side of the ankle joint?

<p>Deltoid ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature is described as the 'tróclea' of the ankle?

<p>The superior surface of the talus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the ligamentous union securing the tibia and fibula distally?

<p>Sindesmosis tibioperonea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the transverse patellar retinacula?

<p>To anchor the patella to the femoral condyles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments help synchronize the movement of the menisci with knee flexion and extension?

<p>Meniscopatellar ligaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the medial and lateral collateral ligaments behave during knee flexion?

<p>Both are relaxed to allow full rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant role does the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fulfill in the knee joint?

<p>Prevents hyperextension of the knee (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) compared to the anterior cruciate ligament?

<p>It is stronger and limits hyperflexion of the knee (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During extension, how does the knee joint behave biomechanically?

<p>Acts like a trochela for rigidity and stability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct relationship between the tibial and femoral attachments of the anterior cruciate ligament?

<p>It connects the anterior tibia to the lateral femoral condyle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What joint motion is restricted by the medial collateral ligament when the knee is in extension?

<p>Medial rotation of the femur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments are classified as extracapsular ligaments of the knee?

<p>Medial and lateral collateral ligaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what degree of flexion does the knee joint transform into a double condyle configuration?

<p>90 degrees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are included in the tarsal group of the foot?

<p>Astragalus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is formed between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges?

<p>Condyloid joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the joint formed by the bases of the metatarsals and the associated cuboid and cuneiform bones?

<p>Tarsometatarsal joint of Lisfranc (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints of the foot?

<p>Hinge joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments reinforce the metatarsophalangeal joints?

<p>Collateral ligaments and deep transverse metatarsal ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which articulation is responsible for the torsional movement of the foot?

<p>Tarsometatarsal joint of Lisfranc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reinforces the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the foot?

<p>Medial and lateral ligaments and plantar ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the sesamoid bone in the foot typically reside?

<p>Under the head of the first metatarsal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a bone found in the tarsus of the foot?

<p>Metatarsals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joints are primarily responsible for the flexion and extension of the toes?

<p>Interphalangeal joints (A), Metatarsophalangeal joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What bones form the knee joint?

The knee joint is formed by the articulation of the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and patella (knee cap).

What is the medial meniscus?

The medial meniscus is a C-shaped fibrocartilage that sits on the tibial plateau and helps to cushion the knee joint.

What is the lateral meniscus?

The lateral meniscus is a more closed, almost O-shaped fibrocartilage that sits on the tibial plateau and helps to cushion the knee joint.

What is the patellar ligament?

The patellar ligament connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibial tuberosity, which is a bony projection on the front of the tibia (shin bone).

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What is the ACL?

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a strong ligament inside the knee joint that prevents the tibia (shin bone) from sliding forward on the femur (thigh bone).

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What is the PCL?

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is another strong ligament inside the knee joint that prevents the tibia (shin bone) from sliding backward on the femur (thigh bone).

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What is the MCL?

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is a ligament on the inside of the knee joint that helps to stabilize the knee joint against side-to-side forces.

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What is the LCL?

The lateral collateral ligament (LCL) is a ligament on the outside of the knee joint that helps to stabilize the knee joint against side-to-side forces.

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What are the transverse patellar retinacula?

These ligaments anchor the patella to the femur, keeping it stable during knee flexion and extension.

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What are the meniscopatellar ligaments?

These ligaments help the menisci move in sync with the knee, sliding forward during flexion and backward during extension.

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What do the collateral ligaments do?

They are located on the sides of the knee, tightening in extension for stability and relaxing in flexion for rotation.

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What is the difference between the MCL and LCL?

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is wider than the lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

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What is unique about the cruciate ligaments?

They are located inside the knee joint, but outside the synovial membrane.

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What does the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) do?

It connects the tibia to the femur, preventing the tibia from sliding forward and limiting knee hyperextension.

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What does the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) do?

It connects the tibia to the femur, preventing the tibia from sliding backward and limiting knee hyperflexion.

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Which cruciate ligament is stronger?

The PCL is stronger than the ACL.

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How does the knee move in extension?

In extension, the knee behaves like a hinge, only allowing flexion and extension.

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How does the knee move in 90 degree flexion?

In 90 degree flexion, the knee allows some internal and external rotation, in addition to flexion and extension.

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High Arch (Pes Cavus)

A condition where the arch of the foot is abnormally high, leading to a more pointed footprint.

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Flat Foot (Pes Planus)

A condition where the arch of the foot is flattened, causing a more flat footprint.

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Tibiotalar Joint / Ankle Joint

The ankle joint - formed by the meeting of the tibia, fibula, and talus bones.

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Deltoid Ligament

A strong ligament that supports the ankle joint, preventing excessive inward (inversion) movement.

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Lateral Collateral Ligaments (Ankle)

Ligaments on the outside of the ankle that help stabilize it and prevent excessive outward (eversion) movement.

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Tibiofibular Syndesmosis

A strong band of fibrous tissue connecting the tibia and fibula bones at the lower leg, it stabilizes the ankle.

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Ankle Joint Movement

The ankle joint allows movement primarily in one direction - up and down (flexion and extension).

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Ankle Sprain

A common injury to the ankle, occurs when the ligaments on the outside of the ankle are stretched or torn due to forceful inward twisting.

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Ankle Mobility

The extent to which the ankle can move varies depending on whether the foot is on the ground or off.

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Osteoarthology

The anatomical study of bones and joints.

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Hip Joint

The hip joint, formed by the articulation between the femur (thigh bone) and the pelvis (hip bone).

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Femoral Head

The rounded head of the femur, which fits into the acetabulum of the pelvis.

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Acetabulum

A deep, cup-shaped socket on the pelvis that receives the femoral head.

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Iliofemoral Ligament

A strong ligament strengthening the hip joint, preventing excessive extension (straightening) of the leg.

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Pubofemoral Ligament

A ligament reinforcing the hip joint, resisting too much abduction (bringing the leg away from the body) movement.

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What is the function of the ankle joint?

The ankle joint connects the foot to the leg, enabling movement like dorsiflexion (lifting the foot up) and plantarflexion (pointing the toes down).

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What is the function of the knee joint?

The knee joint connects the thigh to the lower leg, allowing for flexion (bending the knee) and extension (straightening the knee) during movement.

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What is the function of the hip joint?

The hip joint connects the thigh to the pelvis. This is a ball-and-socket joint, providing a wide range of motion including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

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What are the tarsal bones and where are they located?

The tarsals are a group of seven bones located in the foot, including the talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms.

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What are the metatarsals and where are they located?

The metatarsals are five long bones that form the arch of the foot. They connect the tarsals to the toes.

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What are the phalanges and where are they located?

The phalanges are the bones in your toes, similar to the bones in your fingers. Each toe has three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal), except the big toe, which only has two.

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What are the metatarsophalangeal joints and what do they do?

The metatarsophalangeal joints are located between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges. These joints allow flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction of the toes.

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What are the interphalangeal joints and what do they do?

The interphalangeal joints are located between the phalanges. These joints allow for flexion and extension of the toes.

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What is the tarsometatarsal joint, and what is it known for?

The tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc joint) is where the metatarsals connect to the tarsals. It's crucial for the foot's stability and ability to turn inward and outward.

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What is the subtalar joint and what does it allow?

The articulation of the talus and calcaneus forms the subtalar joint. This movement is crucial for the foot's ability to invert (turn inward) and evert (turn outward).

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Study Notes

Osteology of the Lower Limb

  • The lower limb consists of three principle joint complexes:
    • Ankle: between the foot and the leg
    • Knee: between the leg and the thigh
    • Hip: between the thigh and the pelvic girdle

Bones of the Foot

  • Tarsal bones: talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform
  • Metatarsal bones: (I-V)
  • Phalanges: (proximal, middle, distal) for each toe

Arthrology of the Foot: Joints

  • Interphalangeal joints: between phalanges (proximal and distal)
  • Metatarsophalangeal joints: between metatarsals and proximal phalanges
  • Tarsometatarsal joints: (Lisfranc's joint) formed by the articulation of the tarsals and the metatarsals. This is a complex joint that functions as a composite.
  • Midtarsal joint: (Chopart's joint), formed by the articulation of the talocalcaneal and navicular cuboid. This is a complex joint functioning as a composite.
  • Subtalar joint: between the talus and calcaneus
  • Talocalcaneonavicular joint: between the talus, calcaneus, and navicular
  • Calcaneocuboid joint: between the calcaneus and cuboid
  • Talonavicular joint: between the talus and navicular

Arthrology of the Ankle: Joints

  • Talocrural joint: between tibia, fibula, and talus
  • Subtalar joint: between the talus and calcaneus

Arthrology of the Knee: Joints

  • Tibiofemoral joint: between tibia and femur
  • Patellofemoral joint: between patella and femur

Arthrology of the Hip: Joints

  • Coxal joint: between the head of the femur and the acetabulum

Biomechanics of the Lower Limb

  • Foot Arches: medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch, transverse arch
    • These arches are crucial for absorption of forces, providing stability and adapting to uneven terrains.
  • Ankle: flexion/extension and inversion/eversion
  • Knee: flexion/extension and medial/lateral rotation
  • Hip: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, inward/outward rotation

Foot Injuries

  • Sprains: common ankle injuries resulting from forceful inversion movements

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and ligaments of the knee and hip joints. This quiz covers various structures, their functions, and the movements associated with these vital joints. Perfect for students studying human anatomy or preparing for exams.

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