Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the descending part of the trapezius muscle?
What is the primary action of the descending part of the trapezius muscle?
Which nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Which nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Which of the following muscles is responsible for rotating the glenoid cavity superiorly?
Which of the following muscles is responsible for rotating the glenoid cavity superiorly?
The rhomboid minor muscle attaches to the spinous processes of which vertebrae?
The rhomboid minor muscle attaches to the spinous processes of which vertebrae?
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What is one of the actions of the levator scapulae muscle?
What is one of the actions of the levator scapulae muscle?
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The latissimus dorsi is primarily responsible for which of the following actions?
The latissimus dorsi is primarily responsible for which of the following actions?
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Which muscles act to rotate the scapula and elevate the shoulder region?
Which muscles act to rotate the scapula and elevate the shoulder region?
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What is the distal attachment of the trapezius muscle?
What is the distal attachment of the trapezius muscle?
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What is the primary muscle action of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)?
What is the primary muscle action of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)?
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Which muscle has its proximal attachment at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and extends the fifth digit?
Which muscle has its proximal attachment at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and extends the fifth digit?
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What is the innervation of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)?
What is the innervation of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)?
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Which muscle primarily acts on the second digit of the hand?
Which muscle primarily acts on the second digit of the hand?
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What is the distal attachment of the Extensor Digitorum?
What is the distal attachment of the Extensor Digitorum?
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Which muscle shares an innervation with both the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis and the Extensor Digitorum?
Which muscle shares an innervation with both the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis and the Extensor Digitorum?
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What is the primary action of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?
What is the primary action of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?
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Which of the following muscles extends primarily at the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Which of the following muscles extends primarily at the metacarpophalangeal joints?
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What is the primary action of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?
What is the primary action of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the distal phalanges of the 4th and 5th digits?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the distal phalanges of the 4th and 5th digits?
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Which nerve innervates the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?
Which nerve innervates the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?
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What is the distal attachment of the Palmaris Longus?
What is the distal attachment of the Palmaris Longus?
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Which muscle acts to flex the middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of the middle four digits?
Which muscle acts to flex the middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of the middle four digits?
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What is the proximal attachment of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?
What is the proximal attachment of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?
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Which layer does the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis belong to?
Which layer does the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis belong to?
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Which action does the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris perform?
Which action does the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris perform?
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What is the primary muscle action of the rhomboid major?
What is the primary muscle action of the rhomboid major?
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Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle?
Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle?
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Which muscle initiates and assists in arm abduction?
Which muscle initiates and assists in arm abduction?
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What is a common action performed by both the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles?
What is a common action performed by both the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles?
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Which of the following muscles is involved in flexing the forearm in all positions?
Which of the following muscles is involved in flexing the forearm in all positions?
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What is the primary action of the triceps brachii muscle?
What is the primary action of the triceps brachii muscle?
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Which muscle helps to medially rotate the arm?
Which muscle helps to medially rotate the arm?
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What is the primary muscle action of the biceps brachii when the forearm is in a supine position?
What is the primary muscle action of the biceps brachii when the forearm is in a supine position?
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Which muscle primarily aids in pronating the forearm?
Which muscle primarily aids in pronating the forearm?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the rotator cuff muscles?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the rotator cuff muscles?
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What is the primary muscle action of the Pronator Quadratus?
What is the primary muscle action of the Pronator Quadratus?
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Which nerve innervates the Extensor Pollicis Longus?
Which nerve innervates the Extensor Pollicis Longus?
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From which attachment does the Abductor Pollicis Longus originate?
From which attachment does the Abductor Pollicis Longus originate?
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Which muscle is responsible for extending the proximal phalanx of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint?
Which muscle is responsible for extending the proximal phalanx of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint?
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What is the distal attachment point of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?
What is the distal attachment point of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus?
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What action is maximal for the Brachioradialis?
What action is maximal for the Brachioradialis?
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Which muscle specifically abducts the thumb?
Which muscle specifically abducts the thumb?
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What is the innervation for the Extensor Pollicis Brevis?
What is the innervation for the Extensor Pollicis Brevis?
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What is the proximal attachment site of the Extensor Indicis muscle?
What is the proximal attachment site of the Extensor Indicis muscle?
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Which nerve is responsible for innervating the Opponens Pollicis muscle?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the Opponens Pollicis muscle?
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What is the primary action of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis?
What is the primary action of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis?
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Which muscle assists in the abduction of the 5th digit?
Which muscle assists in the abduction of the 5th digit?
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What muscle action does the Extensor Indicis perform at the forearm?
What muscle action does the Extensor Indicis perform at the forearm?
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Which structure serves as the distal attachment for the Abductor Pollicis Brevis?
Which structure serves as the distal attachment for the Abductor Pollicis Brevis?
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What muscle draws the 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it into opposition with the thumb?
What muscle draws the 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it into opposition with the thumb?
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What nerve innervates the Deep branch of the ulnar nerve's target muscles?
What nerve innervates the Deep branch of the ulnar nerve's target muscles?
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Study Notes
Close-Packed and Open-Packed Positions of Joints
- Close-Packed Position: The position of a joint where the congruency of the articulating surfaces is greatest, maximizing joint stability and ligament tension. This position can be more prone to injury if improperly stressed
- Open-Packed Position (Resting Position): A joint position with more mobility, less stress on ligaments, and more congruency between articulating surfaces, promoting joint health and fluid flow.
Muscles of Anterior Thigh Acting at Hip Joint
- Pectineus: Adducts and slightly flexes the hip; assists with lateral rotation
- Iliopsoas (Psoas Major and Minor, Iliacus): Flexes and laterally rotates the hip and stabilizes the hip joint when standing
- Sartorius: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip at the hip joint; also flexes the knee.
Muscles of Anterior Thigh Acting at Knee Joint
- Quadriceps Femoris (Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius): Extends the knee joint, and steadies the hip joint; helps flex the hip
- Rectus Femoris: Also assists iliopsoas in hip flexion
Muscles of Adductor Compartment of Thigh
- Adductor Longus: Adducts the hip joint
- Adductor Brevis: Adducts the hip joint and slightly flexes it
- Adductor Magnus: Adducts the hip joint, flexes hip joint (adductor part), extends hip joint (hamstring part)
Muscles of Superficial Back
- Trapezius: Elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula; extends the neck
- Latissimus Dorsi: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus
Deep Posterior Axio-Appendicular Muscles (Intrinsic Shoulder)
- Levator Scapulae: Elevates the scapula
- Rhomboid Minor and Major: Retract the scapula, and rotate the scapula's glenoid cavity inferiorly
Superficial Anterior Axio-Appendicular Muscles
- Pectoralis major: Adducts and medially rotates the humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
- Pectoralis minor: Stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
- Subclavius: Anchors and depresses the clavicle
- Serratus anterior: Protracts the scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall; rotates the scapula
Superficial Intrinsic Muscles of the Back
- Splenius: Unilaterally: laterally flexes the neck and rotates to the opposite side; Bilaterally: extends the head and neck.
Deep Intrinsic Muscles of the Back
- Transversospinalis, Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores: Stabilize the vertebrae during movements and assist in local extension and rotation.
Scapula-Humeral (Intrinsic Shoulder) Muscles
- Deltoid: Flexion, abduction, and extension of the arm, depending on which part is active. (anterior, middle, posterior)
- Supraspinatus: Abduction of the arm
- Infraspinatus: Laterally rotates the arm
- Teres Minor: Laterally rotates the arm
- Subscapularis: Medially rotates the arm
Anterior Compartment of Forearm Muscles
- Brachioradialis: Flexes the forearm (weak)
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: extends and abducts the hand at the wrist
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: extends and abducts the hand at the wrist.
- Extensor digitorum: extends digits primarily at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.
- Extensor digiti minimi: extends the fifth digit
- Extensor carpi ulnaris: extends and adducts the hand at the wrist; assists in fist clenching
Anterior Compartment of Forearm Muscles (continued)
- Supinator: Supinates the forearm
- Extensor indicis: extends the second digit
- Abductor pollicis longus: abducts thumb, extends at carpometacarpal joint
- Extensor pollicis longus: extends distal phalanx of thumb
- Extensor pollicis brevis: extends proximal phalanx of thumb
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand
- Thenar Muscles (Opponens Pollicis, Abductor Pollicis brevis, Flexor Pollicis brevis, Adductor Pollicis): oppose the thumb, abduct, flex and adduct thumb.
- Hypothenar Muscles (Abductor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Digiti Minimi, Opponens Digiti Minimi): oppose the little finger, abduct, flex, and adduct little finger
- Lumbricals: flex metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal joints
- Interossei: Abduct or Adduct the second to fifth fingers.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the anatomy and biomechanics of the close-packed and open-packed positions of joints, particularly the hip and knee. It also examines the major muscles involved in movements at these joints, such as the quadriceps and iliopsoas. Test your knowledge on joint stability and muscle function in the lower limbs.
