Kinesiology: Hip and Knee Joint Mechanics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary movement involved in the closed chain function of the subtalar joint?

Tibia and talus moving relative to a fixed calcaneus (correct)

Pronation and supination of the forefoot

Eversion and abduction of the calcaneus

Inversion and adduction of the tibia

Which joint primarily allows for opposing movement directions between the forefoot and rearfoot?

Sacroiliac joint

Knee joint

Transverse tarsal joint (correct)

Subtalar joint

How is the movement described in the transverse tarsal joint characterized?

Roll and slide occurring independently of one another

Simultaneous roll and slide in the same direction (correct)

Simultaneous roll and slide in opposite directions

Centrifugal motion around the talonavicular axis

Which statement accurately describes the role of the sacroiliac (SI) joint in human locomotion?

The stability of the SI joint is crucial for bipedal movement with unilateral forces Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes arthrokinematic motion from osteokinematic motion?

Osteokinematic motion is observable through ROM testing Signup and view all the answers

What describes the closed-pack position of the hip joint?

Extension, Abduction, Internal Rotation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of osteokinematics, pelvic motion can be described as what when tipping forward?

Anterior pelvic tilting Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of femoral anteversion?

Inward rotation of the femur relative to the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing arthrokinematic motions, what determines whether the acetabulum or femoral head is moving?

Concave-Convex Rule Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body?

Patella Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of the patellar tendon?

It attaches to the tibial tuberosity. Signup and view all the answers

Which motions are analyzed when referring to osteokinematic movements?

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction Signup and view all the answers

The medial and lateral epicondyles are features of which bone in the knee joint?

Femur Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements occurs around the anterior-posterior axis of the ankle joint?

Inversion Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the supination movement at the talocrural joint?

Plantar flexion and slight adduction Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is located between the talus and calcaneus?

Subtalar Joint Signup and view all the answers

What is an accurate description of osteokinematics at the talocrural joint during dorsiflexion?

Posterior slide with anterior roll Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about arthrokinematic motions of the ankle is correct?

Eversion leads to a lateral slide at the subtalar joint. Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is NOT part of the primary bones in the foot?

Metatarsals Signup and view all the answers

What accurately describes the features of the lateral malleolus in relation to the medial malleolus?

It is inferior to the medial malleolus. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of movement is included in the definition of pronation at the ankle joint?

Eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion Signup and view all the answers

In which section of the foot would the talus and calcaneus be categorized?

Rearfoot Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the meniscus in the knee joint?

Increase the contact area and stabilize the joint Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the blood supply of the meniscus?

The outer third is vascularized, while the inner two-thirds are avascular Signup and view all the answers

How do the tibial-on-femoral and femoral-on-tibial motions differ?

The tibial motion occurs only in open chain activities, while femoral motion occurs in closed chain movements. Signup and view all the answers

What describes the torque demands on the knee during open chain movements?

Torque demands increase with extension Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament functions to resist varus forces at the knee joint?

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Signup and view all the answers

What motion primarily occurs in the sagittal plane of the knee?

Flexion and extension Signup and view all the answers

At what angle of knee flexion do torque demands typically reach their highest during closed chain movements?

90° flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is known for commonly being injured due to its poor blood supply?

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the motion of the tibial tuberosity when the knee is flexed to 90°?

It slides posteriorly while rolling occurs anteriorly Signup and view all the answers

In the context of knee anatomy, which function do the cruciate ligaments serve?

Preventing anterior-posterior translation of the tibia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Closed-Pack Position

The closed-pack position in the hip joint is when the joint surfaces are maximally congruent and ligaments are taut.
This position is achieved by extension, abduction, and internal rotation of the hip.
The closed-pack position is unique, as it involves ligament orientation rather than just bone congruency.
Clinically, the closed-pack position is maintained by a Pavlik harness in pediatric patients to prevent hip dysplasia.

Osteokinematic and Arthrokinematic Motions

Osteokinematics describes the movement of bones relative to each other.
Arthrokinematic motions describe the joint surface movements.
Concave-convex rule: the joint surface movement depends on whether the concave or convex surface is moving.

Key Osteologic Features of the Knee Joint

The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body, assisting in knee extension.
The femoral condyles articulate with the tibial condyles.
The tibial tuberosity is where the patellar tendon attaches.

Soft Tissue Anatomy Around the Knee

The meniscus stabilizes the knee joint by increasing contact area and reducing compression forces.
The medial collateral ligament (MCL) resists valgus forces.
The lateral collateral ligament (LCL) resists varus forces.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) resists anterior-posterior shear forces.
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) resists posterior translation of the tibia.

Motions of the Knee

Tibial-on-femoral motion describes open chain movements in which the tibia moves on the femur.
Femoral-on-tibial motion describes closed chain movements where the femur moves on the tibia.

Torque Demands on the Knee

Open chain movements have torque demands that increase with extension.
Closed chain movements have highest torque demands at 90° of flexion, decreasing toward 0°.
Understanding the relationship between torque demands and knee flexion angle is crucial for exercise prescription.

Key Osteologic Features of the Foot and Ankle

The talocrural joint (ankle joint) is formed by the talus, tibia, and fibula
The subtalar joint is located below the talocrural joint and consists of the talus and calcaneus.
The transverse tarsal joint is comprised by the calcaneocuboid and talonavicular joints.

Foot Sections

The rearfoot comprises the talus and calcaneus.
The midfoot consists of all the tarsal bones except for the talus and calcaneus.
The forefoot is made up of the metatarsals and phalanges.

Movement Terminology

Fundamental movements include plantar flexion/dorsiflexion, inversion/eversion, and abduction/adduction.
Applied movements combine fundamental movements, such as pronation (eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion) and supination (inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion).

Osteokinematics and Arthrokinematics of the Talocrural Joint

The talocrural joint has an oblique axis of rotation.
Pronation combines dorsiflexion, slight abduction, and eversion.
Supination involves plantar flexion, slight inversion, and adduction.

Subtalar Joint and Transverse Tarsal Joint

The subtalar joint joins the talus and calcaneus.
Pronation in the subtalar joint is characterized by eversion and abduction.
Supination in the subtalar joint is marked by inversion and adduction.

Sacroiliac Joint (SI Joint)

The SI joint connects the axial skeleton (spine) and appendicular skeleton (lower extremities).
It is composed of the ilium and sacrum.
The SI joint is estimated to be a source of chronic low back pain in about 25% of individuals.
Its stability is critical for bipedal movement, particularly during activities involving unilateral forces.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts related to the closed-pack position of the hip joint, osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motions, and important osteologic features of the knee joint. Test your understanding of joint movements and their clinical implications, especially in pediatric care. Ideal for students studying kinesiology or related health sciences.