Hip and Knee Joint Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Pivot joint

Saddle joint

Hinge joint

Ball and socket joint (correct)

Which ligament of the hip joint prevents hyperextension?

Pubofemoral ligament

Ischiofemoral ligament

Ligamentum teres

Iliofemoral ligament (correct)

What is the primary function of the acetabular labrum in the hip joint?

To connect muscles to bones

To provide blood supply to the joint

To control joint movements

To deepen the joint cavity (correct)

Where does the iliofemoral ligament originate?

Anterior inferior iliac spine Signup and view all the answers

Which structure covers the head of the femur in the hip joint?

Articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What movement is prevented by the pubofemoral ligament?

Excessive abduction and extension Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structures articulate at the hip joint?

Acetabulum and head of femur Signup and view all the answers

What shape is the iliofemoral ligament primarily described as?

Y-shaped Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are involved in the hip joint's innervation?

Obturator nerve, superior gluteal nerve, femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the knee considered to be?

Modified hinge joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements can occur at the hip joint?

Flexion, extension, and circumduction Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries contribute to the blood supply of the hip joint?

Circumflex femoral arteries and obturator artery Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is NOT considered an intracapsular ligament of the hip joint?

Iliofemoral ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of the knee joint movements?

Allows flexion and some medial rotation Signup and view all the answers

What connects the head of the femur to the acetabulum?

Ligament of the head of the femur Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily contributes to hip flexion?

Rectus femoris Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT involved in hip flexion?

Gluteus maximus Signup and view all the answers

What limits extension at the hip joint?

Iliofemoral ligament and the joint capsule Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hyaline cartilage lining the knee joint surfaces?

To provide shock absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT involved in adduction at the hip joint?

Gluteus minimus Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the acetabulum contributes to hip joint stability?

Presence of the acetabular labrum Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles assists in lateral rotation of the hip?

Biceps femoris Signup and view all the answers

How does knee flexion affect hip flexion?

Increases the range of flexion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hip joint?

Weight-bear Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves innervates the Adductor Longus muscle?

Femoral Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Weight-bearing stability Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament provides support to the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Lateral collateral ligament of the knee Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint classified as?

Plane type synovial joint Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary roles of the distal tibiofibular joint?

Stability and limited movement Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply blood to the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Anterior tibial recurrent arteries Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage lines the articular surfaces of the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle also participates in the reinforcement of the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Biceps femoris Signup and view all the answers

What supports the distal tibiofibular joint?

Interosseous membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is NOT involved in supplying the ankle joint?

Jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

The type of joint formed by the tibia, fibula, and talus is classified as:

Synovial joint Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for plantarflexion at the ankle joint?

Gastrocnemius Signup and view all the answers

What shape is the articulating surface of the talus?

Wedge-shaped Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves is NOT involved in the innervation of the ankle joint?

Radial nerve Signup and view all the answers

During dorsiflexion at the ankle joint, the stability of the joint is:

Increased due to the position of the talus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the interosseous membrane?

Support the distal tibiofibular joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the medial ligament?

Resist over-eversion of the foot Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament of the lateral ligament complex spans between the lateral malleolus and the posterior aspect of the talus?

Posterior talofibular ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries provide arterial supply to the subtalar joint?

Posterior tibial and fibular arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following surfaces comprise the subtalar joint?

Inferior surface of the body of the talus and superior surface of the calcaneus Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the subtalar joint classified as?

Plane synovial joint Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the dorsal aspect of the subtalar joint?

Deep fibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

What structure strengthens the subtalar joint externally?

A joint capsule and fibrous layer Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is involved in resisting over-inversion of the foot?

Anterior talofibular ligament Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology - ANAT 1010 - Week 10 Schedule

All assignments are due by November 29th
Monday 11/11: Muscles and Joints (Lower Limb)
Friday 11/11: Muscles and Joints (Lower Limb)
Monday 18/11: Muscles and Joints (Online)
Friday 25/11: Muscle Action - Presentation (Mini presentation)
Mini Presentation
Exam Prep
Class Prep
MCQ Exam
In-person Exam

Hip Joint Summary

Ball and socket synovial joint
Connects lower limb to the pelvic girdle
Articulations: acetabulum and head of femur
Designed for stability and weight bearing

Hip Joint Movements

Flexion: 10°-15°
Extension: 110°-120°
Internal Rotation: 30°-45°
External Rotation: 40°-60°
Abduction: 45°

Joint Articulations

The hip joint is enclosed by a strong fibrous capsule lined by synovial membrane
The capsule attaches proximally to the acetabulum and distally to the intertrochanteric line anteriorly and the femoral neck posteriorly.
Its cavity is deepened by a fibrocartilaginous collar (acetabular labrum)
The head of the femur is hemispherical fitting completely into the acetabulum.
Both the acetabulum and the head of the femur are covered with articular cartilage that thickens at weight-bearing points.

Ligaments of the Hip

Iliofemoral: arises from the anterior inferior iliac spine, bifurcates before inserting into the intertrochanteric line; prevents hyperextension, strongest
Pubofemoral: spans between the superior pubic rami and the intertrochanteric line of the femur; prevents abduction and extension.
Ischiofemoral: spans between the body of the ischium and the greater trochanter of the femur; prevents hyperextension and holds femoral head in acetabulum
Intracapsular ligaments: transverse ligament of the acetabulum and ligament of the head of the femur

Hip Muscles and Movement

Flexion: iliacus, psoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus
Extension: gluteus maximus; semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris (hamstrings)
Abduction: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, tensor fascia latae
Adduction: adductors longus, brevis, magnus, pectineus, gracilis
Lateral Rotation: biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturators, gemelli, quadratus femoris
Medial Rotation: anterior fibers of gluteus medius, minimus, tensor fascia latae

Knee Joint Summary

Modified hinge-type synovial joint
Articulations between the patella, femur, and tibia

Knee Joint Movements

Flexion and extension in the sagittal plane
Limited medial rotation in a flexed position and during extension (unlocking and flexing)

Joint Articulations (Knee)

Tibiofemoral: medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with the tibial condyles. Weight-bearing component
Patellofemoral: anterior aspect of the distal femur articulates with the patella. Allows quadriceps tendon insertion directly over the knee improving efficiency

Meniscus

Medial and lateral menisci are fibrocartilage structures.
Deepen the articular surface of the tibia
Act as shock absorbers
Attached to tibial intercondylar area
Medial meniscus is firmly fixed to the tibial collateral ligament and joint capsule
Lateral meniscus is smaller and less mobile

Bursae (Knee)

Suprapatellar, prepatellar, infrapatellar, and semimembranosus bursae
Synovial fluid-filled sacs reducing wear, found between moving structures in a joint

Knee Ligaments

Collateral Ligaments: Tibial (medial) and Fibular (lateral)
Cruciate Ligaments: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Muscles and Movements (Knee)

Flexion: Hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus
Extension: Biceps femoris, quadriceps
Lateral Rotation: semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus
Medial Rotation: semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

Additional Facts (Knee)

Patella is formed within quadriceps femoris tendon, acting as a fulcrum to increase power of knee extensors and stabilise
Neurovascular supply: genicular anastomoses supplied by femoral and popliteal arteries.
Nerve supply (Hilton's Law): femoral , tibial, and common fibular nerves (nerves that innervate the muscles that cross the joint)

Knee Summary Slide

Type: Synovial ball-and-socket, multiaxial
Articular surfaces: head of femur, lunate surface of acetabulum
Ligaments: Capsular, iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, Intracapsular (transverse ligament of the acetabulum, ligament of the head of the femur)
Innervation: Femoral nerve; obturator nerve, superior gluteal nerve, nerve to quadratus femoris
Blood Supply: medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries; obturator artery; superior and inferior gluteal arteries
Movements: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation, circumduction

Compartments of the Thigh

Anterior, posterior, and medial

Anterior Compartment (Thigh)

Muscles: Psoas, Iliacus, Sartorius, Quadriceps

Posterior Compartment (Thigh)

Muscles: Hamstrings

Medial Compartment (Thigh)

Muscles: Adductor longus, brevis, magnus, gracilis

Tibiofibular Joint

Proximal and distal
Proximal refers to two articulations between tibia and fibula. Minimal movement function, primarily for stability and weight-bearing

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

Articulating surfaces: head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia
Supporting structures: anterior and posterior superior tibiofibular ligaments, lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint, biceps femoris
Neurovascular supply: inferior genicular arteries, anterior tibial recurrent arteries, common fibular nerve, nerve to popliteus

Distal Tibiofibular Joint

Articulating surfaces: fibular notch of the distal tibia and the fibula
Supporting structures: interosseous membrane and anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligaments
Neurovascular supply: fibular, anterior and posterior tibial arteries; deep peroneal and tibial nerves

Ankle Joint

Synovial joint
Articulations: tibia, fibula, and talus
Functionally, it is a hinge type joint.
Arterial supply: Branches of the anterior tibial, posterior tibial and fibular arteries.

Ankle Joint Movements and Muscles

Plantarflexion: Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, posterior tibialis
Dorsiflexion: Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus

Ankle Joint Articulating Surfaces

Posterior talar articular surface (inferior surface of the talus body)
Posterior calcaneal articular facet (superior surface of the calcaneus)
Surfaces covered with articular cartilage; bracket-shaped mortise
Dorsiflexion: anterior part of the talus is held in the mortise (more stable)
Plantarflexion: posterior part of the talus is held in the mortise (less stable)

Ankle Ligaments

Medial (Deltoid): four ligaments that fan out from the medial malleolus to the talus, calcaneus and navicular bones; resists over-eversion
Lateral: Anterior talofibular, Posterior talofibular, Calcaneofibular ligaments; resists over-inversion.

Subtalar Joint

Articulation between the talus and calcaneus
Synovial joint, functionally a plane joint.
Neurovascular supply: posterior tibial and fibular arteries, medial and lateral plantar nerves, deep fibular nerve.

Subtalar Joint Articulating Surfaces

Inferior surface of the talus body
Superior surface of the calcaneus
Covered by articular cartilage.

Subtalar Joint Stability

Encased by a joint capsule (synovial membrane internally, fibrous externally)
Supported by three ligaments: posterior, medial, and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments
Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament provides majority of ligamentous stability

Subtalar Joint Movement

Produces eversion and inversion (by muscles in lateral compartment).
Range of movement: 25° – 30° (inversion); 5° – 10° (eversion).

Muscles of the Lower Limb

Anterior compartment: dorsiflexion (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus).
Posterior compartment: plantarflexion (gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, posterior tibialis).

Group Learning Activities

Identify four lower limb muscles: origin, insertion, and action.
Utilize worksheets and additional resources (bone games)
Complete quizzes

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Description

Test your knowledge of the anatomy and function of the hip and knee joints with this interactive quiz. Explore questions on ligaments, movements, and blood supply related to these crucial joints in the human body.