Kidney Anatomy and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary site of glomerular filtration in the kidney?

Renal pelvis

Renal medulla

Collecting ducts

Renal cortex (correct)

The kidney receives approximately 50% of cardiac output.

False

What are the three basic functions of the kidneys?

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

The secretion of solutes from the peritubular capillaries into the tubules is known as __________.

tubular secretion Signup and view all the answers

Match the following kidney structures with their functions:

Renal cortex = Site of glomerular filtration Renal medulla = Location of loops of Henle Bowman's space = Receives filtrate from glomerulus Collecting ducts = Drainage into renal pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the kidney receives the highest blood flow?

Renal cortex Signup and view all the answers

Urinary excretion is calculated as the amount filtered plus the amount reabsorbed.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the afferent arteriole in the kidney?

It supplies blood to each nephron. Signup and view all the answers

The outer part of the kidney is called the __________.

renal cortex Signup and view all the answers

Match the renal function with its definition:

Glomerular filtration = Movement of fluid and solutes into Bowman’s space Tubular reabsorption = Movement of materials into peritubular capillaries Tubular secretion = Secretion of solutes into tubules Urinary excretion = Amount filtered plus amount secreted minus amount reabsorbed Signup and view all the answers

What is the inner part of the kidney called?

Renal medulla Signup and view all the answers

The renal cortex receives more blood flow than the inner medulla.

True Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Urinary excretion is calculated as the amount filtered plus the amount __________ minus the amount reabsorbed.

secreted Signup and view all the answers

Match the following renal functions with their definitions:

Glomerular filtration = Movement of fluid and solutes into Bowman's space Tubular reabsorption = Movement of materials from tubules to peritubular capillaries Tubular secretion = Secretion of solutes from peritubular capillaries into tubules Urinary excretion = Amount filtered plus amount secreted minus amount reabsorbed Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the kidney contains the convoluted tubules?

Renal cortex Signup and view all the answers

The longer loops of Henle are located in the renal cortex.

False Signup and view all the answers

What supplies each nephron with blood?

Afferent arteriole Signup and view all the answers

The movement of materials from the filtrate in the tubules into the __________ is known as tubular reabsorption.

peritubular capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the kidney has the lowest blood flow?

Inner medulla Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kidney Anatomy

The kidney is comprised of an outer layer called the renal cortex and an inner layer called the renal medulla.
Glomerular filtration occurs in the cortex.
The convoluted tubules are located in the cortex.
The longer loops of Henle are located in the medulla.
The collecting ducts drain into the renal pelvis and ureter.

Renal Blood Supply

Blood supply to the kidney is arranged so that each nephron receives blood from an afferent arteriole.
The kidney receives approximately 1200 ml of blood per minute, or 25% of cardiac output.
Most of the blood flow goes to the cortex (75%), followed by the outer medulla (20%) and lastly the inner medulla (5%).

Kidney Functions

Glomerular filtration: The process where fluid and solutes move from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s space.
Tubular reabsorption: The process where materials move from the tubules back into the peritubular capillaries.
Tubular secretion: The process where solutes move from the peritubular capillaries into the tubules.
Urinary excretion: The amount of a substance excreted in urine is calculated by adding the amount filtered and the amount secreted, then subtracting the amount reabsorbed.

Kidney Anatomy

The kidney has an outer renal cortex and an inner renal medulla.
Glomerular filtration occurs in the cortex.
The convoluted tubules are located in the cortex.
Loops of Henle and collecting ducts are located in the medulla.
The medulla drains into the renal pelvis and then the ureter.

Blood Supply

Blood flows to the kidney via the afferent arteriole.
The kidney receives approximately 1200 ml of blood per minute, which is roughly 25% of cardiac output.
Blood flow distribution:
- Cortex: 1000 ml/min (75%)
- Outer Medulla: 240 ml/min (20%)
- Inner Medulla: 60 ml/min (5%)

Kidney Functions

The kidney performs four key functions:
- Glomerular filtration: Movement of fluid and solutes from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space.
- Tubular reabsorption: Movement of materials from the filtrate in the tubules into the peritubular capillaries.
- Tubular secretion: Secretion of solutes from the peritubular capillaries into the tubules.
- Urinary excretion: The amount of a substance excreted in urine equals the amount filtered plus the amount secreted minus the amount reabsorbed.

Renal Dysfunction

Renal dysfunction is a general term for conditions that affect the function of the kidneys.
The kidney plays a crucial role in regulating acid-base balance.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy, blood supply, and functions of the kidneys. This quiz covers the renal cortex, medulla, glomerular filtration processes, and more. See how well you understand the critical roles of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis.