29 Questions
What is the function of the renal cortex?
Filters blood and adjusts its composition
How are renal pyramids separated in the kidney?
By renal columns
What structures collect urine draining from pyramidal papillae?
Major calyces
Which part of the kidney propels urine by peristalsis?
Smooth muscle walls of calyces
Where do the renal arteries deliver blood in the kidneys?
Nephrons
What is the continuous tube with the ureter in the kidney?
Renal pelvis
What is the main source of sympathetic fibers for the kidney?
Renal plexus
Which structure is composed of highly porous fenestrated endothelium for efficient filtrate formation?
Glomerulus
What is the cup-shaped hollow structure surrounding the glomerulus known as?
Bowman’s capsule
Which layer of the Bowman's capsule clings to the glomerular capillaries?
Visceral layer
What are podocytes?
Octopus-like structures in the renal corpuscle
What is the functional unit responsible for urine formation in the kidney?
Nephron
What is the main function of glomerulus capillaries?
Specialized for filtration
Why is the blood pressure high in the glomerulus capillaries?
Afferent arterioles are larger in diameter than efferent arterioles
Where do peritubular capillaries arise from?
Efferent arterioles
Which type of nephrons are associated with vasa recta?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
What is the main function of peritubular capillaries?
Absorption of water and solutes
What is the function of the Vasa recta in juxtamedullary nephrons?
Formation of concentrated urine
Which part of the nephron loop is involved in the Juxtaglomerular Complex (JGC)?
Ascending limb
What is the main function of the Macula densa within the Juxtaglomerular Complex (JGC)?
Sense sodium chloride concentration in the filtrate
What do Granular cells (juxtaglomerular, or JG cells) primarily act as?
Mechanoreceptors
Which vessels arise from efferent arterioles serving juxtamedullary nephrons?
Vasa recta
What is the significance of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus in kidney function?
Regulating urine flow rate
Where is the renal hilum located?
On the concave medial surface of the kidney
What surrounds the kidney to help hold it in position?
Peri-renal fat capsule
Which organ sits atop each kidney?
Adrenal gland
What is the function of the fibrous capsule surrounding the kidney?
To prevent the spread of infection in close regions
Where is the right kidney located in comparison to the left kidney?
Lower
Which region of the kidney is responsible for allowing structures like ureters, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to enter and exit?
Renal hilum
Test your knowledge on the nerve supply and blood vessels of the kidney, including the sympathetic fibers from renal plexus and the different components of the renal vasculature. Identify and understand the path of blood flow through the renal blood vessels.
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