L1 Anatomy of Kidney (P2 Hard)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason the right kidney is positioned lower than the left kidney?

It is affected by the presence of the liver. (correct)

It has a different blood supply.

It has a thicker fibrous capsule.

It is larger in size.

Which structure is most anterior in the hilum of the kidney?

Ureter

Renal artery

Renal vein (correct)

Renal pelvis

What covering of the kidney acts as a cushion and helps to hold the kidney in a fixed position?

Renal fascia

Paranephric fat

Perirenal fat (correct)

Fibrous capsule

Which measurement is NOT correct regarding the dimensions of the kidney?

Thickness: 1.0 inches Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily drains blood directly into the inferior vena cava?

Left renal vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical position of the hilum of the kidney in relation to the transpyloric plane?

On the transpyloric plane Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT affect kidney fixation?

Length of the renal artery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Morris' Parallelogram is true?

It helps in identifying the kidney's location on the back. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT included in the coverings of the kidneys?

Renal vein Signup and view all the answers

Which descriptor is accurate regarding the borders of the kidney?

The medial border contains the hilum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of a tumor invading the left renal vein?

It may lead to a variocele due to venous drainage disruption. Signup and view all the answers

What separates the kidneys from the abdominal cavity?

Retroperitoneal fat Signup and view all the answers

Where do the afferent fibers of the renal sympathetic plexus enter the spinal cord?

T10, T11, and T12 nerves Signup and view all the answers

How many segmental arteries does the renal artery divide into?

5 segmental arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the left renal vein's drainage is accurate?

It receives blood from both adrenal and gonadal veins. Signup and view all the answers

In which anatomical location is the renal angle found?

Between the lateral borders of the erector spinae muscles and the inferior borders of the 12th rib Signup and view all the answers

Which kidney surface is NOT associated with the left kidney?

Hepatic surface Signup and view all the answers

How far above the hilum does the upper pole of the kidney lie?

5 cm Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the parasympathetic nerve supply to the kidneys?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kidney Anatomy

The kidney is bean-shaped
The kidney is located retroperitoneally, in the upper part of the posterior abdominal region, on both sides of the vertebral column
The kidneys extend from T12 superiorly to L3 inferiorly
The right kidney is 1/2 inch (approx) lower than the left due to the liver's relationship.
Kidneys weigh approximately 150 grams
Kidney length is 4.5 inches, breadth 2.5 inches, and thickness is 1.5 inches
The hilum lies on the transpyloric plane, 5 cm from the middle line.
The upper pole lies 2.5 cm away from the mid-line and 5 cm above the hilum.
The lower pole is 5 cm below the hilum and 7.5 cm from the mid-line.
The renal angle is the area between the lateral borders of the erector spinae muscles and inferior borders of the 12th rib.
Kidney is covered by the fibrous capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia, and paranephric fat.

Kidney Blood Supply

The renal artery arises from the abdominal aorta at the level of L2.
The renal artery usually divides into 5 segmental arteries.
The renal vein emerges from the hilum in front of the renal artery and drains into the inferior vena cava.
The left renal vein receives the left adrenal vein, a branch of the inferior phrenic vein, and the left gonadal vein.

Kidney Innervation

Renal sympathetic plexus: Afferent fibers travel through the renal plexus and enter the spinal cord at the 10th, 11th, and 12th thoracic nerves.
Parasympathetic fibers: from the vagus nerve reach the kidney through the renal plexus.

Renal Hilum Differentiation

The medial border of the kidney is concave, containing the hilum.
The lateral border of the kidney is convex.
In the hilum, the renal vein is the most anterior structure.
The renal pelvis is posterior, and the renal artery is between them.
The ureter passes downward along the lower part of the medial border.

Kidney Position and Stabilization

Intra-abdominal pressure and the arrangement of adjacent organs stabilize the kidneys.
The extensions of the covering fascia and fat also stabilize the kidneys.
The renal vessels that connect the kidneys to the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava contribute to stability.

Renal Ptosis

Rapid loss of pre-renal fat tissue may cause kidney ptosis (dropping of the kidney into the pelvis).
This condition can lead to ureter kinking and severe pain.

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Description

Explore the detailed anatomy of the kidney, including its location, dimensions, and structural features. Additionally, learn about the blood supply to the kidneys and their relationship to surrounding organs.