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Questions and Answers
Which juvenile can be characterized as a status offender?
Which juvenile can be characterized as a status offender?
A juvenile who has repeatedly engaged in truancy from high school.
Commitment is the decision by a judge to?
Commitment is the decision by a judge to?
Sentence a juvenile offender to a correctional facility.
Which of the following reflects the desire for a tougher juvenile justice system?
Which of the following reflects the desire for a tougher juvenile justice system?
Nearly half of all juvenile offenders only enter the juvenile justice system once.
Nearly half of all juvenile offenders only enter the juvenile justice system once.
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Under what process do juvenile courts transfer a case to adult criminal court?
Under what process do juvenile courts transfer a case to adult criminal court?
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The legal philosophy of parens patriae holds that?
The legal philosophy of parens patriae holds that?
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What is the primary purpose of Intensive Aftercare Programs (IAP)?
What is the primary purpose of Intensive Aftercare Programs (IAP)?
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What can be concluded from the NCCD report Treatment of Youth of Color in the Justice System?
What can be concluded from the NCCD report Treatment of Youth of Color in the Justice System?
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What do the findings from the NAS suggest for juveniles in the criminal justice process?
What do the findings from the NAS suggest for juveniles in the criminal justice process?
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The concept of deinstitutionalization established by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act of 1974 is aimed at?
The concept of deinstitutionalization established by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act of 1974 is aimed at?
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Which is an example of delinquency prevention efforts by law enforcement?
Which is an example of delinquency prevention efforts by law enforcement?
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Why has the Supreme Court imposed procedural protections for juveniles in the waiver process?
Why has the Supreme Court imposed procedural protections for juveniles in the waiver process?
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What is the most common formal sentence for juvenile offenders?
What is the most common formal sentence for juvenile offenders?
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Which can be considered a preventive reoffending recommendation by NAS?
Which can be considered a preventive reoffending recommendation by NAS?
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What gave rise to 'child savers' in the nineteenth century?
What gave rise to 'child savers' in the nineteenth century?
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In which scenario would a police officer typically exercise discretion in releasing a juvenile offender?
In which scenario would a police officer typically exercise discretion in releasing a juvenile offender?
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In which scenario would an exclude offense waiver typically come into play?
In which scenario would an exclude offense waiver typically come into play?
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How do programs such as Job Corps attempt to prevent delinquency?
How do programs such as Job Corps attempt to prevent delinquency?
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Roughly how many juveniles are arrested each year in the United States?
Roughly how many juveniles are arrested each year in the United States?
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How has the Juvenile Court Act of 1899 shaped the juvenile justice system?
How has the Juvenile Court Act of 1899 shaped the juvenile justice system?
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Juvenile drug courts seek to?
Juvenile drug courts seek to?
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When would a court begin its determination of possible dispositions for a juvenile offender?
When would a court begin its determination of possible dispositions for a juvenile offender?
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Which factor has had the greatest influence on America's juvenile justice system in recent decades?
Which factor has had the greatest influence on America's juvenile justice system in recent decades?
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What did the Supreme Court rule in Safford Unified School District v. Redding?
What did the Supreme Court rule in Safford Unified School District v. Redding?
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What is a primary rationale behind deinstitutionalizing status offenders?
What is a primary rationale behind deinstitutionalizing status offenders?
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Study Notes
Juvenile Offenders and Status Offenders
- Status offenders are juveniles who engage in behaviors like truancy, which are not crimes for adults.
Commitment in Juvenile Justice
- Judges can commit juvenile offenders to correctional facilities as a form of sentencing.
Serious Stance on Juvenile Offenders
- Some states have toughened juvenile codes in response to public demand for stricter measures against dangerous juveniles.
Nature of Juvenile Offenders
- Almost half of all juvenile offenders have only one encounter with the juvenile justice system, indicating they are typically not hardened criminals.
Transfer to Adult Court
- Juvenile courts can transfer cases to adult criminal courts through a process known as waiver.
Legal Philosophy: Parens Patriae
- The state operates under the principle of parens patriae, acting in the best interests of children.
Intensive Aftercare Programs (IAP)
- IAPs provide necessary intervention for high-risk juveniles post-release from correctional facilities.
Racial Disparities in Juvenile Justice
- The NCCD report highlights significant disproportionality of black youths in local and state correctional systems compared to their population percentage.
Adolescent Minds and Legal Treatment
- Scientific findings emphasize the differences in juvenile and adult minds, advocating for rehabilitation-focused treatment in the criminal justice system.
Deinstitutionalization
- The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act of 1974 promoted removing juvenile offenders from institutional care for better rehabilitation prospects.
Law Enforcement Prevention Efforts
- Community activity programs for at-risk youth are proactive measures taken by law enforcement to prevent delinquency.
Supreme Court's Role in Waiver Protections
- The Supreme Court has imposed protections in the waiver process due to its significant impact on a juvenile's future.
Common Sentencing for Juvenile Offenders
- Probation is the most frequently assigned formal sentence in juvenile cases.
Recommendations for Preventing Reoffending
- Engaging families in adolescents' lives is recommended to foster positive social development and deter reoffending.
Historical Context: Child Savers
- The emergence of "child savers" in the 1800s arose from the recognition that many families could not adequately care for their children, leading to juvenile delinquency.
Police Discretion
- Officers may choose to release juveniles caught in minor offenses if they have no prior records.
Excluded Offense Waiver Scenarios
- Prior criminal records can lead to waived offenders facing serious charges, like second-degree murder, being tried as adults.
Preventing Delinquency with Job Training
- Initiatives like Job Corps aim to reduce delinquency by equipping juveniles with job training for better employment opportunities.
Juvenile Arrest Statistics
- Approximately 800,000 juveniles are arrested annually in the U.S.
Impact of the Juvenile Court Act of 1899
- This act laid the groundwork for a separate juvenile justice system focused on rehabilitation, influencing practices that continue today.
Juvenile Drug Courts
- These courts primarily aim to rehabilitate first-time juvenile drug offenders instead of imposing punitive measures.
Determining Dispositions Post-Adjudication
- Courts assess possible outcomes for juvenile offenders after adjudication of their cases.
Blurring Lines Between Juveniles and Adults
- Recent decades have seen increased legal practices that blur distinctions between juvenile and adult offenders.
Fourth Amendment Rights in Schools
- The Supreme Court ruled in Safford Unified School District v. Redding that student searches for drugs must respect Fourth Amendment rights.
Deinstitutionalization of Non-Violent Youth
- The rationale emphasizes that placing non-violent status offenders in correctional facilities exposes them to potential negative influences from violent criminals.
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Description
Test your knowledge on juvenile justice concepts with this Chapter 15 review quiz. Covering key terms such as status offenders and judicial commitments, you'll reinforce your understanding of the juvenile justice system. Perfect for students studying juvenile justice or related fields.
