Juvenile Justice Chapter 15 Review

Questions and Answers

Which juvenile can be characterized as a status offender?

A juvenile who has repeatedly engaged in truancy from high school.

Commitment is the decision by a judge to?

Sentence a juvenile offender to a correctional facility.

Which of the following reflects the desire for a tougher juvenile justice system?

A toughening of juvenile codes in some states (correct)

A liberal approach to juvenile offenders

Increased funding for juvenile programs

Decriminalization of status offenses

Nearly half of all juvenile offenders only enter the juvenile justice system once.

True Signup and view all the answers

Under what process do juvenile courts transfer a case to adult criminal court?

Waiver. Signup and view all the answers

The legal philosophy of parens patriae holds that?

The state has the power to act in the best interests of a child. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Intensive Aftercare Programs (IAP)?

Provide intervention for high-risk juvenile offenders after they have been released. Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded from the NCCD report Treatment of Youth of Color in the Justice System?

The percentage of black youths in detention and corrections is grossly disproportional. Signup and view all the answers

What do the findings from the NAS suggest for juveniles in the criminal justice process?

Juveniles should be treated differently with a focus on rehabilitation. Signup and view all the answers

The concept of deinstitutionalization established by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act of 1974 is aimed at?

Removing juvenile offenders from correctional facilities. Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of delinquency prevention efforts by law enforcement?

Hosting community activity programs for at-risk youth. Signup and view all the answers

Why has the Supreme Court imposed procedural protections for juveniles in the waiver process?

The waiver decision can incredibly impact a child in terms of status and deposition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common formal sentence for juvenile offenders?

Probation. Signup and view all the answers

Which can be considered a preventive reoffending recommendation by NAS?

Engaging with an adolescent's family to encourage prosocial development. Signup and view all the answers

What gave rise to 'child savers' in the nineteenth century?

The realization that many families were unable to care for children. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a police officer typically exercise discretion in releasing a juvenile offender?

A juvenile with no record has been caught stealing a neighbor's newspaper. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would an exclude offense waiver typically come into play?

A juvenile with a prior criminal record has been charged with second-degree murder. Signup and view all the answers

How do programs such as Job Corps attempt to prevent delinquency?

By providing job training so that juveniles have greater chances of securing future employment. Signup and view all the answers

Roughly how many juveniles are arrested each year in the United States?

Around 800,000. Signup and view all the answers

How has the Juvenile Court Act of 1899 shaped the juvenile justice system?

It established a separate justice system for juveniles emphasizing rehabilitation. Signup and view all the answers

Juvenile drug courts seek to?

Provide rehabilitation to first offenders. Signup and view all the answers

When would a court begin its determination of possible dispositions for a juvenile offender?

Following an adjudication. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has had the greatest influence on America's juvenile justice system in recent decades?

An increasing legal willingness to blur the line between a juvenile and adult offender. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court rule in Safford Unified School District v. Redding?

Schools cannot violate a student's Fourth Amendment rights in searching for drugs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary rationale behind deinstitutionalizing status offenders?

Placing non-violent youth in correctional facilities exposes them to violent criminals. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Juvenile Offenders and Status Offenders

Status offenders are juveniles who engage in behaviors like truancy, which are not crimes for adults.

Commitment in Juvenile Justice

Judges can commit juvenile offenders to correctional facilities as a form of sentencing.

Serious Stance on Juvenile Offenders

Some states have toughened juvenile codes in response to public demand for stricter measures against dangerous juveniles.

Nature of Juvenile Offenders

Almost half of all juvenile offenders have only one encounter with the juvenile justice system, indicating they are typically not hardened criminals.

Transfer to Adult Court

Juvenile courts can transfer cases to adult criminal courts through a process known as waiver.

Legal Philosophy: Parens Patriae

The state operates under the principle of parens patriae, acting in the best interests of children.

Intensive Aftercare Programs (IAP)

IAPs provide necessary intervention for high-risk juveniles post-release from correctional facilities.

Racial Disparities in Juvenile Justice

The NCCD report highlights significant disproportionality of black youths in local and state correctional systems compared to their population percentage.

Adolescent Minds and Legal Treatment

Scientific findings emphasize the differences in juvenile and adult minds, advocating for rehabilitation-focused treatment in the criminal justice system.

Deinstitutionalization

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act of 1974 promoted removing juvenile offenders from institutional care for better rehabilitation prospects.

Law Enforcement Prevention Efforts

Community activity programs for at-risk youth are proactive measures taken by law enforcement to prevent delinquency.

Supreme Court's Role in Waiver Protections

The Supreme Court has imposed protections in the waiver process due to its significant impact on a juvenile's future.

Common Sentencing for Juvenile Offenders

Probation is the most frequently assigned formal sentence in juvenile cases.

Recommendations for Preventing Reoffending

Engaging families in adolescents' lives is recommended to foster positive social development and deter reoffending.

Historical Context: Child Savers

The emergence of "child savers" in the 1800s arose from the recognition that many families could not adequately care for their children, leading to juvenile delinquency.

Police Discretion

Officers may choose to release juveniles caught in minor offenses if they have no prior records.

Excluded Offense Waiver Scenarios

Prior criminal records can lead to waived offenders facing serious charges, like second-degree murder, being tried as adults.

Preventing Delinquency with Job Training

Initiatives like Job Corps aim to reduce delinquency by equipping juveniles with job training for better employment opportunities.

Juvenile Arrest Statistics

Approximately 800,000 juveniles are arrested annually in the U.S.

Impact of the Juvenile Court Act of 1899

This act laid the groundwork for a separate juvenile justice system focused on rehabilitation, influencing practices that continue today.

Juvenile Drug Courts

These courts primarily aim to rehabilitate first-time juvenile drug offenders instead of imposing punitive measures.

Determining Dispositions Post-Adjudication

Courts assess possible outcomes for juvenile offenders after adjudication of their cases.

Blurring Lines Between Juveniles and Adults

Recent decades have seen increased legal practices that blur distinctions between juvenile and adult offenders.

Fourth Amendment Rights in Schools

The Supreme Court ruled in Safford Unified School District v. Redding that student searches for drugs must respect Fourth Amendment rights.

Deinstitutionalization of Non-Violent Youth

The rationale emphasizes that placing non-violent status offenders in correctional facilities exposes them to potential negative influences from violent criminals.

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Description

Test your knowledge on juvenile justice concepts with this Chapter 15 review quiz. Covering key terms such as status offenders and judicial commitments, you'll reinforce your understanding of the juvenile justice system. Perfect for students studying juvenile justice or related fields.