Juvenile Justice Chapter 12 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does 'commitment' mean in juvenile justice?

A judge puts the juvenile in the custody of a state correctional authority (correct)

A juvenile is placed in a foster home

A juvenile is freed from custody

A juvenile is sent home

What is the role of the juvenile justice administrative body?

Responsible for the administration and management of juvenile justice placements within a state.

Juvenile placement in secure facilities is increasing.

False

Which states combined represent 44% of all juveniles in custody in the US?

CA, TX, PN, NY, OH, FL Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population in private facilities is held under delinquency offenses?

88% Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily focused on in juvenile boot camps?

Military-style discipline and physical training Signup and view all the answers

What are the four primary goals in corrections?

Rehabilitation, Deterrence, Incapacitation, Retribution Signup and view all the answers

Juvenile detention facilities are designed to house juveniles awaiting or .

court hearings, adjudications Signup and view all the answers

What kind of atmosphere do youth ranches and camps typically have?

More like a year-round summer camp Signup and view all the answers

Incapacitation means providing juveniles with education.

False Signup and view all the answers

What do public surveys reveal about the belief in rehabilitation for juvenile offenders?

The public strongly believes in rehabilitation for juvenile offenders. Signup and view all the answers

According to public surveys, where do respondents believe government funds should be shifted?

Educational programs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge faced by educators in juvenile facilities?

Educators are seldom prepared for the juvenile confinement setting. Signup and view all the answers

What principles does the educational model by the Office of Juvenile Justice recommend?

Complex problem-solving tasks Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of delinquents aged 16 and older do not return to school after release?

The majority do not return to school. Signup and view all the answers

Specialized treatment programs include services for youths with learning disabilities.

True Signup and view all the answers

What common features characterize programs for serious youth?

Well-defined treatment programs Signup and view all the answers

How do juveniles typically respond to institutional life?

Juveniles respond differently, often based on their personality and prior history. Signup and view all the answers

Juveniles have no difficulty adjusting to the structured life in a facility.

False Signup and view all the answers

What implication does juvenile suicide during incarceration have?

It affects public perception of juvenile treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant issue regarding working in institutional corrections?

Appropriate training and retention of qualified personnel. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of youth in juvenile facilities experience some kind of sexual victimization?

12% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Commitment

A commitment order by a juvenile court judge places a juvenile in state correctional custody or a specific facility.

Juvenile Justice Administrative Body

This organization is charged with managing juvenile justice placements in a state.

Juvenile Placement Info

Secure placements for juveniles can occur due to pre-adjudication detention, court commitments, or placements by administrative bodies.
A significant drop in juvenile secure facility populations contrasts with rising juvenile arrest rates.
More juveniles are incarcerated for less serious offenses, reflecting changes in drug policy and a shift toward intervention over incarceration.
There's a growing trend toward individualized services for smaller offender groups rather than large-scale incarceration due to concerns about abuse and re-offending.

Population in Institutional Corrections

Only a small fraction of arrested juveniles are committed to residential placements.
Six states (CA, TX, PA, NY, OH, FL) account for 44% of all juvenile placements.
State correctional authorities oversee juvenile facility operations, deciding placement and treatment plans.
Most juvenile populations in secure facilities consist of young males convicted of serious or multiple offenses.

Private Facilities

Operated by private corporations or individuals, these facilities serve juvenile offenders.

Public vs. Private Facilities

The juvenile system includes public facilities held under court orders, with private facilities accommodating a higher percentage of status offenders and youths with emotional disturbances.

State Variables with Private Facilities

Significant state variations exist in custody rates and the use of private facilities, influenced by age jurisdiction, transfer laws, demographic factors, and facility capacity.

Institutional Facilities

Include various secure settings such as detention centers, assessment centers, and youth camps, catering to detained and committed juveniles.

Institutional Facilities for Juveniles

Institutions serve juveniles awaiting hearings or committed by courts, involving various placements based on offenses and treatment needs.

Juvenile Detention Facilities

Secure brief-term facilities for youths awaiting court hearings, distinct from adult jails, which house sentenced criminals.

Detention Info

Detention centers increased juvenile holding rates by 29% from 1985-2009, with a noted rise in females and black youth in detention populations.

Assessment Facility

Secure centers conduct orientations and assessments for committed juveniles, creating profiles for appropriate placements.

Transfer or Transitional Facilities

Temporary homes for juveniles awaiting transfer or community release, with minimal programming for those transitioning back into society.

Juvenile Boot Camp

Military-style correctional facilities emphasizing discipline, starting in 1983 with about 75 camps by the 1990s, although evaluations highlight systemic issues.

Three Boot Camps

Demonstration camps in Cleveland, Denver, and Mobile aimed to evaluate boot camp effectiveness but found no significant reduction in recidivism rates.

Youth Ranches and Camps

These facilities provide a camp-like environment with vocational training and rehabilitation through active participation in agricultural or adventure programs.

State Institutions and Schools

Comprehensive facilities offering varied rehabilitation services, now shifting towards smaller community-based models since the 70s.

Programming in Institutional Corrections

Treatment plans in juvenile institutions aim to alter behaviors, focusing on rehabilitation rather than incarceration.

Rehabilitation

Methods strive to reform juvenile offenders for productive reentry into society.

Deterrence

Structured conditions in law aim to make juveniles aware of risks and consequences of crime.

Incapacitation

Removing juveniles from communities prevents further criminal behavior.

Correctional Treatment Info

Juvenile institutions emphasize rehabilitation and have distinct treatment methods, focusing more on rehabilitative efforts than adult prisons.

Correctional Education Info

Education in secure facilities is critical as many juveniles are below expected levels academically; teachers must integrate treatment plans into instruction.

Education Model by the Office of Juvenile Justice

The model emphasizes an enhanced curriculum involving problem-solving, skill integration, and collaborative learning.### Instructional Strategies in Education
Cognitive processes are modeled through diverse instructional strategies.
Emphasis on externalizing thought processes and multiple problem-solving approaches.
Dialog and reciprocal learning are crucial for student engagement.

Assessment and Evaluation Measures

Progress is evaluated using a variety of assessment tools.
Focus on mutually defined student goals to promote competence.

Instructional Adaptability

Instruction employs varied strategies tailored to each learner's needs and interests.
Integration of reading, writing, and oral expression as interrelated skills.

Correctional Industry and Vocational Training

Majority of delinquents aged 16+ do not return to school post-release.
Training emphasizes teamwork, information acquisition, system understanding, and technology use.
Facilities may offer internships, apprenticeships, and mentorships to enhance employability.
CA Division of Juvenile Justice's Free Venture Program allows businesses to operate within correctional settings.
Inmates receive wages subject to deductions including taxes, room and board, restitution, family support, and savings.

Specialized Treatment and Programs

Designated programs for capital offenders, sex offenders, and youths with emotional disturbances.
Approximately 40% of incarcerated youths may have a learning disability.
Special education focuses on needs assessment, tailored curriculum, vocational training, and transitional services.
Programs aim to enhance cognitive and social skills for successful societal reintegration.

Programs for Serious and Repeat Juvenile Delinquents

Serious offenders commit violent crimes with significant societal impact.
First-time serious offenders often receive secure placements regardless of background.
TX Juvenile Justice Dept. runs programs for serious offenders, including crime reenactments.
Lighthouse Youth Center in Ohio offers specialized programs for serious felonies.

Key Features of Lighthouse Youth Center

Utilizes a Problem Oriented Record System (PORS) for individualized intervention.
Implements a peer booking system and personality-based classification.
Employs a structured program phase pattern and team-based management.
Includes a family program and intensive aftercare supervision.

Common Characteristics of Serious Youth Programs

Programs feature defined treatment goals and strong intuitive appeal.
Treatment plans demonstrate positive effects and lower recidivism compared to simple incarceration.
Enjoy strong support from judges and administrators and often serve a limited number of youths.

Institutional Life for Juveniles

Adjustment to juvenile facilities varies based on personality and prior history.
Smaller inmate populations and structured interactions ease transitions into facilities.

Facility Life Challenges

Juveniles struggle to adapt to strict schedules and emotional, social, and psychological challenges.
Counseling, educational, recreational, and vocational programs are crucial for rehabilitation.
Post-release transition can be challenging due to ingrained institutional behaviors.

Suicide in Juvenile Corrections

Despite low statistical occurrence, implications for treatment are significant.
Most suicides occur after 75 days of detention; victims often white males around 15.7 years of age.
Majority confined for nonviolent offenses, with hanging being the common method.

Sexual Abuse in Juvenile Facilities

Sexual victimization is a notable concern, affecting 12% of youth in various facilities.
Male youths often face abuse from staff, while females report interactions with peers.

Working in Institutional Corrections

Large juvenile facilities operate like small cities, requiring diverse staffing roles.
Training and retention of qualified personnel pose significant challenges.
Demographics of juvenile correctional staff differ from those working in adult prisons.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 12 of Juvenile Justice. Each card features key terms and definitions that are essential for understanding the juvenile justice system. Perfect for students preparing for exams or seeking to reinforce their learning.