Juvenile Justice Chapter 6 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are juvenile offenders?

A broad category that encompasses youth engaged in a wide range of activities, from status offenses to serious violent offenses.

What did the Massachusetts stubborn child law address?

Incorrigibility and allowed parents to bring disobedient children before the court.

Juveniles' most common offenses are _____ crimes.

property

What is the pattern of juvenile violent crime?

Peaking between 3 and 4 PM on school days and tapering off around 6 AM. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristics define the profile of delinquency? (Select all that apply)

Impulsive and lack self-control Signup and view all the answers

What is a delinquent?

A youth who commits an act that would be a crime if committed by an adult. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a serious juvenile offender?

Has been convicted of a Part 1 offense as defined by the FBI UCR. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a serious child delinquent?

A child between 7 and 12 who has committed serious offenses such as homicides or robbery. Signup and view all the answers

What is a chronic juvenile offender?

A youth with a record of 5 or more separate charges of delinquency. Signup and view all the answers

What is a violent juvenile offender?

A youth convicted of a violent Part 1 offense against a person or who has been convicted of murder. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two general onset trajectories of juvenile offending? (Select all that apply)

Early onset or life course persistent offenders Signup and view all the answers

What does the Gun Control Act of 1968 state?

It is illegal for federally licensed gun dealers to sell handguns to anyone under age 21. Signup and view all the answers

What are the predictors of youth violence?

Prejudice, economic inequality, and negative attitudes towards violence in mainstream culture. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Project on Human Development in Chicago neighborhoods study?

Neighborhood conditions differ for youth of different races and ethnicities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Detention SHOCAP?

To provide secure holding of designated habitual offenders and monitor their activities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the intake SHOCAP process?

Mandatory holding of identified violent offenders brought in on new charges. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prosecution SHOCAP?

File a petition, resist pretrial release, and assign one deputy district attorney to each case. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'contagion' refer to in the context of violence?

The way violence spreads rapidly within high-risk areas or groups. Signup and view all the answers

The juvenile justice perspective states that youths are victims of social forces.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the public health perspective on youth violence?

Youths are victims of social forces and should be treated, focusing resources on areas of need. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Juvenile Offenders

Encompasses youths involved in status offenses (e.g., liquor laws, curfew violations) and serious crimes.
Most common offenses among juveniles include property crimes: larceny, burglary, motor vehicle theft, vandalism, and arson.

Historical Context of Juvenile Law

The Massachusetts Stubborn Child Law (1646) allowed courts to address disobedient children, marking early efforts in juvenile justice.
Most states classify 17 as the upper age for status offenses; arrests for status offenses like truancy are declining.

Patterns of Behavior

Juvenile violent crime peaks between 3 and 4 PM on school days, tapering off by 6 AM.
Profiles of delinquency often reveal traits like impulsiveness, defiance, social assertiveness, and distrust of authority.

Definitions of Delinquent Categories

Delinquent: Youth committing acts illegal for adults, aimed at avoiding the stigma of "criminal."
Serious Juvenile Offender: Youth convicted of specific serious crimes (Part 1 offenses, excluding minor thefts).
Serious Child Delinquent: Youth aged 7-12 involved in severe crimes like homicide or robbery.
Chronic Juvenile Offender: Individual with five or more delinquency charges, irrespective of offense severity.
Violent Juvenile Offender: Convicted of violent offenses against persons, particularly murder.

Offending Trajectories

Two onset trajectories exist: early onset (persistently offending) and adolescence-limited (offending only during teenage years).
Early violent offenders tend to commit more serious crimes and often continue violence into adulthood.

Legislative Context

The Gun Control Act of 1968 prohibits federally licensed dealers from selling handguns to individuals under 21.

Influences on Youth Violence

Predictors include prejudice, economic inequality, and cultural attitudes toward violence, influenced by early childhood experiences.
Neighborhood conditions differ significantly by race and ethnicity, impacting youth behavior and risk of violence.

Interventions and Programs

Detention SHOCAP: Policy for holding habitual offenders separately to protect staff and monitor activities.
Intake SHOCAP: Involves mandatory holding of violent offenders and prompt legal notifications.
Prosecution SHOCAP: Guidelines for prosecuting violent offenders, ensuring thorough representation in the judicial process.

Concepts in Juvenile Justice

Contagion: Refers to the rapid spread of violence in high-risk areas or groups.
Juvenile Justice Perspective: Views youth behavior as a result of free choice, warranting criminal punishment.
Public Health Perspective: Considers youth victims of social conditions, advocating for treatment and addressing systemic needs.

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Description

Test your knowledge of juvenile justice concepts with these flashcards from Chapter 6. Learn important terms such as juvenile offenders and the Massachusetts stubborn child law. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of the legal framework surrounding youth offenses.