Juvenile Justice Chapter 14 Quiz

Questions and Answers

All states have provisions that allow juveniles charged with serious crimes to be prosecuted and punished as adults.

True

When is a juvenile more likely to be transferred to adult court?

When the juvenile is seen as dangerous (correct)

When the juvenile is seen as mature (correct)

When the juvenile is believed to lack amenability to treatment (correct)

All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding young offenders?

Psychologists have suggested that young offenders are more amenable to treatment than older offenders. (correct)

The human brain is fully formed by age 12 suggesting that young persons should be capable of sophisticated decision-making by that point.

Criminal behavior conducted by adolescents and by adults is a good predictor of a bad character.

All of the above

Juveniles currently have which of the following rights in court?

The right to confront and cross-examine witnesses Signup and view all the answers

According to common law, what is the age of responsibility?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the Supreme Court rulings on the death penalty?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Grisso (1981) found that the majority of juveniles younger than ___________ had significantly poorer comprehension of the Miranda warnings than did adults.

15 years old Signup and view all the answers

What standard do the American courts use in determining competence to stand trial?

the Dusky Standard Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many children die from physical abuse each year?

1500 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children who die from physical abuse were killed by their parents?

80% Signup and view all the answers

Victims of physical abuse are no more aggressive than nonvictims.

False Signup and view all the answers

Compared to nonabusers, abusive parents tend to:

become easily annoyed under stress Signup and view all the answers

According to Chapter 14, children over the age of six can make reasonably reliable identifications from lineups as long as:

the perpetrator is in the lineup and the child had extended contact with the perpetrator. Signup and view all the answers

If one is questioning a child witness, what features should be incorporated in a good investigative interview?

A good interviewer would ask the child to describe the event in his or her own words before asking specific questions and discourage the use of suggestive questions. Signup and view all the answers

What tends to happen to a child's recall of repeated events?

Although repetition enhances memory for aspects of the event that are held constant, source memory tends to suffer with repeated events. Signup and view all the answers

Children become somewhat less susceptible to suggestion as they grow older.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which factors have been shown to play a role in the suggestive questioning of child witnesses?

interviewer bias, social influence, and guided imagery Signup and view all the answers

Child bystander witnesses are generally viewed as credible than adult bystander witnesses; child victims in a sexual abuse case are viewed as credible than adults.

less; more Signup and view all the answers

According to Chapter 14, which of the following has been used in court to lessen a child's trauma when testifying?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Have studies generally shown an impact of parents' sexual orientation on children's gender-role behavior?

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Juvenile Justice System

All states allow juveniles charged with serious crimes to be prosecuted as adults.
Transfer to adult court is more likely if a juvenile is perceived as dangerous, mature, or unlikely to benefit from treatment.

Psychology of Young Offenders

Psychologists believe young offenders are generally more amenable to treatment compared to older offenders.
Developmentally, the human brain is not fully formed until approximately age 25, despite some misconceptions about maturity at 12.

Juvenile Rights in Court

Juveniles have the right to an attorney and the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses during court proceedings.

Age of Responsibility

According to common law, the age of responsibility for juvenile offenders is set at 7 years old.

Supreme Court Rulings on Juvenile Punishments

The Supreme Court in 1988 allowed the death penalty for offenders aged 16 and older.
In 2005, it ruled that executing individuals under 18 constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.

Comprehension and Miranda Rights

Grisso's research indicates that juveniles under 15 show significantly poorer comprehension of Miranda warnings compared to adults.

Competence to Stand Trial

The Dusky Standard is employed by American courts to assess a defendant’s competence for trial.

Child Abuse Statistics

Approximately 1,500 children die annually from physical abuse.
About 80% of these child fatalities are perpetrated by their parents.

Aggression in Abuse Victims

Contrary to some beliefs, victims of physical abuse tend to be more aggressive than those who are not victims.

Psychosocial Factors in Abuse

Abusive parents are often easily annoyed under stress, which can contribute to their abusive behavior.

Child Witness Reliability

Children over the age of six can accurately identify perpetrators from lineups if they have had extended contact with them.

Conducting Interviews with Child Witnesses

Effective investigative interviews with children include asking them to recount events in their own words and avoiding suggestive questioning.

Memory and Repeated Events

Children experiencing multiple incidents of abuse can have enhanced memory for consistent aspects of events, but their source memory may degrade over time.

Suggestibility in Children

As children grow older, they become less susceptible to suggestive influences during questioning.

Factors Influencing Child Witness Credibility

Child bystander witnesses are typically regarded as less credible than adult bystander witnesses.
In sexual abuse cases, child victims may be perceived as more credible than adult victims.

Mitigating Trauma in Child Testimonies

To lessen the trauma for children testifying in court, measures such as one-way screens, closed-circuit television, and courtroom closures have been sanctioned.

Influence of Parental Sexual Orientation

Research indicates that a parent's sexual orientation has no significant impact on their children's gender-role behavior.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Juvenile Justice with this Chapter 14 quiz. The questions cover key concepts regarding the prosecution and treatment of juveniles in adult courts. Perfect for students studying criminal justice or law.