Questions and Answers
All states have provisions that allow juveniles charged with serious crimes to be prosecuted and punished as adults.
True
When is a juvenile more likely to be transferred to adult court?
Which of the following is true regarding young offenders?
Juveniles currently have which of the following rights in court?
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According to common law, what is the age of responsibility?
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Which of the following is true about the Supreme Court rulings on the death penalty?
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Grisso (1981) found that the majority of juveniles younger than ___________ had significantly poorer comprehension of the Miranda warnings than did adults.
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What standard do the American courts use in determining competence to stand trial?
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Approximately how many children die from physical abuse each year?
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What percentage of children who die from physical abuse were killed by their parents?
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Victims of physical abuse are no more aggressive than nonvictims.
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Compared to nonabusers, abusive parents tend to:
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According to Chapter 14, children over the age of six can make reasonably reliable identifications from lineups as long as:
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If one is questioning a child witness, what features should be incorporated in a good investigative interview?
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What tends to happen to a child's recall of repeated events?
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Children become somewhat less susceptible to suggestion as they grow older.
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Which factors have been shown to play a role in the suggestive questioning of child witnesses?
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Child bystander witnesses are generally viewed as ______ credible than adult bystander witnesses; child victims in a sexual abuse case are viewed as ______ credible than adults.
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According to Chapter 14, which of the following has been used in court to lessen a child's trauma when testifying?
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Have studies generally shown an impact of parents' sexual orientation on children's gender-role behavior?
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Study Notes
Juvenile Justice System
- All states allow juveniles charged with serious crimes to be prosecuted as adults.
- Transfer to adult court is more likely if a juvenile is perceived as dangerous, mature, or unlikely to benefit from treatment.
Psychology of Young Offenders
- Psychologists believe young offenders are generally more amenable to treatment compared to older offenders.
- Developmentally, the human brain is not fully formed until approximately age 25, despite some misconceptions about maturity at 12.
Juvenile Rights in Court
- Juveniles have the right to an attorney and the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses during court proceedings.
Age of Responsibility
- According to common law, the age of responsibility for juvenile offenders is set at 7 years old.
Supreme Court Rulings on Juvenile Punishments
- The Supreme Court in 1988 allowed the death penalty for offenders aged 16 and older.
- In 2005, it ruled that executing individuals under 18 constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.
Comprehension and Miranda Rights
- Grisso's research indicates that juveniles under 15 show significantly poorer comprehension of Miranda warnings compared to adults.
Competence to Stand Trial
- The Dusky Standard is employed by American courts to assess a defendant’s competence for trial.
Child Abuse Statistics
- Approximately 1,500 children die annually from physical abuse.
- About 80% of these child fatalities are perpetrated by their parents.
Aggression in Abuse Victims
- Contrary to some beliefs, victims of physical abuse tend to be more aggressive than those who are not victims.
Psychosocial Factors in Abuse
- Abusive parents are often easily annoyed under stress, which can contribute to their abusive behavior.
Child Witness Reliability
- Children over the age of six can accurately identify perpetrators from lineups if they have had extended contact with them.
Conducting Interviews with Child Witnesses
- Effective investigative interviews with children include asking them to recount events in their own words and avoiding suggestive questioning.
Memory and Repeated Events
- Children experiencing multiple incidents of abuse can have enhanced memory for consistent aspects of events, but their source memory may degrade over time.
Suggestibility in Children
- As children grow older, they become less susceptible to suggestive influences during questioning.
Factors Influencing Child Witness Credibility
- Child bystander witnesses are typically regarded as less credible than adult bystander witnesses.
- In sexual abuse cases, child victims may be perceived as more credible than adult victims.
Mitigating Trauma in Child Testimonies
- To lessen the trauma for children testifying in court, measures such as one-way screens, closed-circuit television, and courtroom closures have been sanctioned.
Influence of Parental Sexual Orientation
- Research indicates that a parent's sexual orientation has no significant impact on their children's gender-role behavior.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Juvenile Justice with this Chapter 14 quiz. The questions cover key concepts regarding the prosecution and treatment of juveniles in adult courts. Perfect for students studying criminal justice or law.