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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the gluteus medius?
What is the primary function of the gluteus medius?
Which muscle group is primarily involved in hip joint extension and leg flexion?
Which muscle group is primarily involved in hip joint extension and leg flexion?
What is the main action of the tibialis anterior muscle?
What is the main action of the tibialis anterior muscle?
What type of joints are classified as non-synovial joints?
What type of joints are classified as non-synovial joints?
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Which muscle is known as the 'boxer muscle' and aids in the abduction of the arm above 90 degrees?
Which muscle is known as the 'boxer muscle' and aids in the abduction of the arm above 90 degrees?
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Which type of joint is characterized by a synovial membrane that secretes joint fluid?
Which type of joint is characterized by a synovial membrane that secretes joint fluid?
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What occurs when the diaphragmaticus muscle contracts?
What occurs when the diaphragmaticus muscle contracts?
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What movement is described as the removal of a limb from the midline?
What movement is described as the removal of a limb from the midline?
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Which anatomical axis extends from front to back in the body?
Which anatomical axis extends from front to back in the body?
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What is the process of bending a limb in the sagittal plane called?
What is the process of bending a limb in the sagittal plane called?
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What does the term 'inversion' describe in terms of foot movement?
What does the term 'inversion' describe in terms of foot movement?
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Which movement involves turning the forearm inward with the palm facing backwards?
Which movement involves turning the forearm inward with the palm facing backwards?
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How is the rotation of the body or neck to the side referred to?
How is the rotation of the body or neck to the side referred to?
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What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?
What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?
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Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary movements and is found in the walls of organs?
Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary movements and is found in the walls of organs?
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What term describes a contraction that occurs without any change in the length of the muscle?
What term describes a contraction that occurs without any change in the length of the muscle?
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How are muscles generally named?
How are muscles generally named?
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Which of the following muscles is known as the 'vaccine muscle'?
Which of the following muscles is known as the 'vaccine muscle'?
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What does the term 'motor unit' refer to?
What does the term 'motor unit' refer to?
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Which muscle is known as the strongest flexor of the thigh?
Which muscle is known as the strongest flexor of the thigh?
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What defines the origin of a muscle?
What defines the origin of a muscle?
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Study Notes
Joints and Muscles
- Muscles are related to movement
- Myology is the study of muscles
- Musculus refers to muscle
- Myocytus is a muscle fiber (cell)
- Bones and muscles are part of the locomotor system
Joint Classification
- Joints are classified based on their movement abilities
- Fibrous joints have no movement; bones are connected directly
- Cartilaginous joints allow limited movement; bones are connected by cartilage
- Synovial joints permit full movement; bones are separated by a fluid-filled joint cavity
Fibrous Joints
- Fibrous joints offer no movement between bones
- Examples include the sutures of the skull and the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
Cartilaginous Joints
- Cartilage connects bones in these joints, enabling limited movement
- An example is the sternocostal joints
Synovial Joints
- Synovial joints have full movement potential.
- An articular capsule surrounds the joint
- Synovial membrane lining the inner joint surface secretes synovial fluid
- Articular cartilage covers the bone surfaces
- Ligaments strengthen the joint
Types of Synovial Joints
- Synovial joints are categorized by shape (e.g., ball-and-socket, hinge)
Anatomical Axes
- Sagittal axis: Extends from front to back
- Vertical axis: Extends from top to bottom
- Frontal axis: Extends from right to left (parallel to the ground)
Angular Movements
- Flexion decreases the angle between bones
- Extension increases the angle between bones
- Hyper-extension extends beyond the normal anatomical position
Abduction and Adduction
- Abduction moves a limb away from the body's midline
- Adduction moves a limb toward the body's midline
Rotational Movements
- Rotation is movement around a longitudinal axis
- Lateral rotation moves away from the body's midline
- Medial rotation moves toward the body's midline
Supination and Pronation
- Supination externally rotates the forearm, palm facing forward
- Pronation internally rotates the forearm, palm facing backward
Inversion and Eversion
- Inversion turns the sole of the foot inward
- Eversion turns the sole of the foot outward
Skeletal Muscle Function
- Produce movement
- Generate heat
- Stabilize posture
Terminology
- Tendon: Connects muscle to bone
- Aponeurosis: Flattend muscle sheet connecting muscle to bone
- Contraction: Muscle shortening
- Isometric contraction: No change in muscle length
- Isotonic contraction: Change in muscle length
Motor Unit
- A motor unit includes a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Naming Muscles
- Muscles are named based on location, shape, size, action, origin, insertion
Muscle Contraction Mechanism
- Origin is the muscle's starting point
- Insertion is where the muscle attaches to its insertion point
- Function of a muscle depends on location
Shoulder Girdle
- M. deltoideus is a shoulder muscle responsible for abduction and rotation
Brachial Region
- M. biceps brachii is a muscle responsible for flexion and supination of the forearm
Brachial Region M. triceps brachii
- Is responsible for extension of arm and forearm
Hip Region M. iliopsoas
- Is the strongest flexor for thigh
Hip Region M. gluteus maximus
- Is the strongest extensor of the thigh
- Is the largest gluteal muscle
Femoral Region M. quadriceps femoris
- It is a muscle that extends the knee
Hamstring Muscle Group
- Located on the posterior side of the thigh
- These muscles cause flexion of the knee and hip extension
Crural Region M. tibialis anterior
- Dorsiflexes the ankle
Crural Region M. triceps surae
- Plantar flexes the ankle
Thoracic Region M. pectoralis major
- Adducts the arm
Thoracic Region M. serratus anterior
- It pulls the scapula forward and upward
Respiratory System M. diaphragm
- It is responsible for breathing and breathing mechanisms
Dorsal Region M. trapezius
- Prevents shoulder from collapsing
- M. latissimus dorsi is responsible for pulling the arm down and back
Abdominal Region
- Help micturition, defecation, vomiting, forced expiration
- It helps to keep the abdominal contents in place
Facial Muscles
- Originate from bone or fascia, Insert to facial skin
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of joints and muscles in this quiz. Learn about the types of joints, their classifications, and the essential role muscles play in movement. Test your knowledge on myology and the locomotor system today!
