Anatomy of Joints and Muscles

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Questions and Answers

What type of joints are known as non-synovial joints?

Cartilaginous and fibrous joints

Synovial and fibrous joints

Cartilaginous and synovial joints

Fibrous and cartilaginous joints (correct)

Which joint structure secretes joint fluid?

Synovial membrane (correct)

Articular cartilage

Articular capsule

Ligaments

Which of the following movements occurs in the frontal axis?

Flexion

Abduction

Extension (correct)

External rotation

Inversion of the foot causes which movement?

Tipping soles medially Signup and view all the answers

What defines a synovial joint?

It is fully mobile and has an articular capsule. Signup and view all the answers

Which axis extends from front to back of the body?

Sagittal Axis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of taking a limb away from the midline?

Abduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gluteus medius?

Hip abduction Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the supination of the forearm?

The palm faces forward Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is known for being a strong extensor of the thigh?

Gluteus maximus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the quadriceps femoris is true?

It provides extension to the knee joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the gastrocnemius muscle?

Plantarflection of the foot Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is referred to as the 'boxer muscle'?

Serratus anterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?

Generating heat and producing movement Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle fiber is responsible for involuntary movements?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a motor unit?

To consist of a motor neuron and all muscle cells it innervates Signup and view all the answers

How are muscles typically named?

By their shape, location, function, and size Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between isometric and isotonic contractions?

Isometric occurs with no change in muscle length; isotonic involves a change in length Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is known as the 'vaccine muscle' for its prominent role in shoulder movement?

M.deltoideus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the M.triceps brachii?

Extending the arm and forearm Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'tendon' refer to in muscle anatomy?

The connection between bone and muscle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Joints and Muscles

Muscles enable movement
Joints connect bones and facilitate movement

Joints Classification

Fibrous Joints: No movement, bones are connected tightly. Examples include sutures in the skull, and the distal tibiofibular joint.
Cartilaginous Joints: Limited movement, bones are connected by cartilage. Examples are ribs connected to sternum, and pubic symphysis.
Synovial Joints: Freely movable, bones are separated by a fluid-filled cavity called synovial cavity. Examples include hips, knees, and elbows.

Structure of Synovial Joints

Synovial joints consist of an articular capsule which surrounds the joint
The capsule contains synovial membrane that secrets synovial fluid
Articular cartilage reduces friction on bones when they move
Ligaments strengthen the joint

Anatomy of the Knee Joint

Cartilage, menisci, bursae, and ligaments provide support and reduce friction in knee joints
Synovial fluid reduces friction and nourishes the articular cartilage
The knee joint capsule prevents dislocation

Synovial Joint Subgroups

Synovial joints are categorized by shape (e.g., ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot and condylar)
Each shape allows specific types of movement

Anatomical Axes

Sagittal Axis: Extends from front to back of the body(e.g., flexion/extension)
Vertical Axis: Extends from top to bottom of the body (e.g., internal/external rotation)
Frontal Axis: Extends across the body from right to left (e.g., abduction/adduction)

Angular Movements

Flexion: Decreasing angle between body parts (e.g., bending elbow)
Extension: Increasing angle between body parts (e.g., straightening elbow)
Hyperextension: Extending beyond the normal range
Dorsiflexion: Moving foot upward at ankle joint
Plantarflexion: Moving foot downward at ankle joint

Special Movements

Abduction: Moving body part away from midline.
Adduction: Moving body part towards midline.
Rotation: Turning body part around an axis.
Circumduction: Moving body part in a circle.
Supination: Palm facing forward
Pronation: Palm facing backward
Lateral Flexion: Bending the body sideways.
Inversion: Turning the sole of the foot inward.
Eversion: Turning the sole of the foot outward.

General Terms About Muscles

Myology: Study of muscles
Musculus: Muscle
Myocytus: Muscle fiber (cell)
- There are three types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
Muscles are attached to bones by tendons or aponeurosis
Contractions can be isometric (no change in length) or isotonic (change in length)

Function of Skeletal Muscles

Movement
Heat production
Posture Maintenance
Stability
Stabilizing internal organs

Naming of Muscles

Muscles are named based on shape, location, action, number of origins, and size

Mechanism of Muscle Contraction

The location of muscles is relevant to their action.
Muscles contract and produce movement through a specific pathway

Specific Muscles

Muscles have specific roles in different parts of the body.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of joints and muscles with this quiz. Learn about the different classifications of joints, their structures, and the anatomy of the knee joint. Test your knowledge on how these vital components enable movement in the human body.