Chapter 8: Jefferson and the Republican Ideal

The War of 1812 was a conflict between the United States and Great Britain, primarily over maritime disputes and British support for Native American resistance. Despite initial American setbacks, the war ended in a stalemate with the Treaty of Ghent in 1814.

The Battle of New Orleans was a decisive American victory despite taking place after the Treaty of Ghent was signed. It solidified American national pride and established Andrew Jackson as a military hero.

The Hartford Convention was a gathering of Federalist Party leaders who met in 1814, expressing discontent with the War of 1812 and proposing secession from the Union. This event highlighted regional tensions and the growing divide between Federalist and Republican ideologies.

The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 was a significant agreement between the United States and Spain, resulting in the US acquiring Florida and defining the border between the two countries. This greatly expanded American territory and influence.

The Monroe Doctrine, declared by President James Monroe in 1823, asserted that the United States would oppose any further European colonization or interference in the affairs of newly independent nations in the Western Hemisphere. This established the US as a dominant power in the Americas and reflected its growing ambitions.

The acquisition of Florida was a significant step in American expansion, contributing to the nation's westward growth and securing its southern border. It was achieved through military action and diplomatic negotiation, demonstrating the US's willingness to utilize both force and diplomacy to achieve its territorial ambitions.

American westward expansion was a defining feature of the early 19th century, driven by a desire for new land, economic opportunities, and the belief in Manifest Destiny. It involved the acquisition of new territories, displacement of Native Americans, and the development of new settlements.

The closing of American ports during the War of 1812 significantly boosted American manufacturing as it forced the nation to produce goods domestically. This provided a significant economic advantage and spurred the growth of American industry.

The principle that emphasizes individual liberty, equality, and political participation by the common people. It was promoted by Thomas Jefferson during his presidency.

A landmark Supreme Court case where the Court established its power of judicial review. This decision paved the way for the Court to strike down any law that violates the Constitution.

The right of the courts to declare laws or actions unconstitutional. It is a fundamental principle that ensures the Constitution is the supreme law of the land.

The expansion of voting rights that occurred in the early 19th century. This period saw a significant increase in the number of white male voters participating in elections.

The belief in promoting a separation between religion and government. Jefferson championed this ideal, arguing that government should not favor any religion or impose religious beliefs.

A period of intense religious revivalism in the United States that emphasized personal responsibility and experience. It led to significant growth in new protestant denominations, such as Baptists and Methodists.

The purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France for a bargain price in 1803. This acquisition doubled the size of the United States and marked a significant expansion westward.

The expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory. It was a significant scientific and geographical undertaking that provided valuable information about the American West.

The practice of forcing sailors into naval service, often without their consent. The British navy used this practice to replenish its ranks, leading to tensions with the United States.