Questions and Answers
What was significant about the Election of 1800?
What amendment was adopted as a consequence of the election of 1800?
Twelfth Amendment
The election of 1800 was called a 'revolution' by the Democratic-Republicans.
True
What informal approach did President Thomas Jefferson take regarding ceremonial responsibilities?
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What did the Judiciary Act of 1801 entail?
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What were the midnight appointments?
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Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review.
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Who was Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835?
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Who was the only U.S. Supreme Court justice ever impeached?
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What was the role of Barbary Pirates?
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Who led enslaved Africans to victory in Haiti?
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What was the Louisiana Purchase?
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What was the Essex Junto?
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Who were Lewis and Clark?
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What was Sacajawea's contribution to the Lewis and Clark Expedition?
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What did Jeffersonian Democracy emphasize?
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What was the practice of impressment?
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What was the Chesapeake Incident?
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What was the Embargo Act?
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What did the Non-Intercourse Act do?
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Study Notes
Election of 1800
- First peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the U.S.
- Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr received equal electoral votes, leading to a tie resolved by the House of Representatives after 36 ballots.
- Hamilton's support was pivotal in electing Jefferson, highlighting political alliances.
- Resulted in the adoption of the Twelfth Amendment in 1804.
Twelfth Amendment
- Ratified on December 2-3, 1803, to reform the electoral process.
- Addressed issues arising from the elections of 1796 and 1800, ensuring separate ballots for president and vice president.
"Revolution" of 1800
- Jefferson's victory signified a shift toward states' rights from a previously Federalist government.
- Jefferson rejected the Alien and Sedition Acts, aiming for a more accessible administration.
Pell-mell
- Jefferson's informal approach to state dinners, disregarding traditional protocol, encouraged a more relaxed atmosphere.
Judiciary Act of 1801
- Enacted by outgoing Federalists, created six new circuit courts and 16 judgeships.
- Known for "midnight appointments" made by John Adams on his last night in office, aiming to maintain Federalist influence in the judiciary.
Midnight Appointments
- Term used for the Federalist judges appointed shortly before Jefferson's inauguration.
- Intended to secure Federalist control over the judiciary.
Marbury v. Madison
- Landmark Supreme Court case establishing the principle of judicial review.
- Chief Justice John Marshall asserted the judiciary's equal status with the other branches of government.
John Marshall
- Served as Chief Justice from 1801 to 1835; known for enhancing judicial power and federal authority.
- His rulings consistently favored federal legislation and enforced the importance of contracts.
Samuel Chase
- Only Supreme Court justice impeached due to political conflicts in 1804.
- Acquitted by a narrow margin, his trial set a precedent against impeaching judges for political motives.
Barbary Pirates
- North African pirates seized American vessels and demanded ransoms.
- Jefferson attempted to engage the Navy against them, but his early efforts failed, leading to tributes until 1815.
Toussaint Louverture
- Led a successful slave revolt in Saint-Domingue, resulting in the abolition of slavery and establishment of Haitian independence.
- His victory influenced Napoleon's decision to sell the Louisiana Territory.
Louisiana Purchase
- Significant land acquisition stretching from British Columbia to New Orleans, considered a historic real estate deal.
- Jefferson, despite constitutional concerns, facilitated the purchase for economic opportunities.
Essex Junto
- A faction of Federalists in 1804 who planned to secede New England from the Union.
- Failed to gain support and lost a significant leader in Hamilton.
Lewis and Clark
- Commanders of the Corps of Discovery, exploring the Louisiana Territory beginning in May 1804.
- Conducted extensive scientific observations and mapped the journey to the Pacific Ocean.
Sacajawea
- Native American interpreter and guide for the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
- Facilitated communication and navigation through unfamiliar territories.
Jeffersonian Democracy
- Advocated for a smaller national government and fiscal conservatism.
- Promoted an agrarian society based on self-sufficiency, emphasizing moral and responsible citizenship.
Aaron Burr
- Known for killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel; was a key figure in the Election of 1800.
- Engaged in an unsuccessful treasonous plan to establish an independent western territory.
Impressment
- The British practice of forcibly enlisting American sailors into the Royal Navy.
- Provoked significant outrage in the U.S. and contributed to tensions leading up to the War of 1812.
Chesapeake Incident
- Confrontation in 1807 where the British boarded an American ship, resulting in impressed sailors.
- Contributed to rising calls for war in America; Jefferson instead pursued an Embargo Act.
Embargo Act
- Implemented from 1807 to 1809, halting all international trade in a bid to maintain neutrality.
- Ultimately caused economic hardship for American merchants with little impact on foreign nations.
Non-Intercourse Act
- Replaced the Embargo Act in 1809, allowing trade with nations except Britain and France.
- Aimed to protect American interests during the ongoing Napoleonic Wars.
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Description
Explore key concepts from Chapter 6 on Jeffersonian Democracy with flashcards. This chapter highlights significant events like the Election of 1800, showcasing the peaceful transfer of power that shaped the early political landscape of the United States.
