IT2050 Computer Networks - Lecture 2 IP Addressing

Questions and Answers

What is the maximum value of a byte in decimal format?

256

128

512

255 (correct)

Which class of IP addresses is reserved for experimental purposes?

Class E (correct)

Class D

Class C

Class B

What portion of an IP address does the Network ID define?

Only the first byte

The entire IP address

The part of the address that identifies the network (correct)

The specific host within the network

In a Class A IP address, how many bytes are allocated for the Host ID?

3 Bytes Signup and view all the answers

Which binary prefix denotes a Class D IP address?

1110 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a MAC address?

Identify a computer on a network Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the OSI model does a MAC address operate at?

Data Link Layer Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an IP address from a MAC address?

IP addresses operate at a higher layer than MAC addresses Signup and view all the answers

How is an IPv4 address structured?

Four 8-bit groups separated by dots Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not advisable to use any IP address in a network that is not currently connected to the Internet?

To prevent potential conflicts if the network connects to the Internet later. Signup and view all the answers

What is the bit length of an IPv4 address?

32 bits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following IP address ranges is designated for private use in Class C?

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding IPv6 addresses?

They are 128 bits long Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a logical address in a networking context?

To uniquely identify devices across different networks Signup and view all the answers

What does the loopback address 127.0.0.1 refer to?

The local host for testing and troubleshooting. Signup and view all the answers

In classful addressing, how many networks are available in Class A private address space?

1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a characteristic of a MAC address?

It is a hardware setting provided by the manufacturer Signup and view all the answers

What does a direct broadcast address signify?

All hosts on a specific network segment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key benefit of subnetting a given network?

Improves network efficiency and management. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of IANA reserving certain IP address ranges?

To enable private networks to use these addresses without permission. Signup and view all the answers

If given a network address of 150.100.0.0 /16, how can you divide it into three separate networks?

By subnetting the address into smaller segments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the required subnet prefix length for an organization needing 4 subnets from the block 130.34.12.64/26?

/28 Signup and view all the answers

How many addresses are available in the block starting at 14.24.74.0/24?

256 Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) from Class-full routing?

It enables more efficient use of IP addresses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using Classless routing over Class-full routing?

It allows for subnetting a subnet. Signup and view all the answers

If an organization requires 2 subnets with 64 addresses each, what subnet prefix should be used?

/26 Signup and view all the answers

Why would an organization use VLSM?

To better allocate IP addresses based on departmental needs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the number of addresses available based on the prefix length?

$2^{(32 - prefix)}$ Signup and view all the answers

In the given address block, how many 4-address subnets can be created from 14.24.74.0/24?

64 Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts into which an IP address is divided?

Network ID, Subnet ID, Host ID Signup and view all the answers

What does the subnet mask '255.255.192.0' represent in binary?

11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following addresses would be classified as Subnet 1?

150.100.64.0 Signup and view all the answers

How is classless addressing indicated for IP addresses?

With a '/' symbol Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the most significant bits allocated in subnetting?

They are utilized for the Subnet ID. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes 150.100.64.1?

It belongs to Network ID 150.100. Signup and view all the answers

How many subnets can be created with a /18 subnet mask from a /16 network?

4 subnets Signup and view all the answers

What is the host address range for Subnet 1 (150.100.64.0 /18)?

150.100.64.1 - 150.100.64.63 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

TCP/IP Addressing

Addressing in TCP/IP involves three types: Physical, Logical, and Port addresses.
MAC Address is the physical address, set by the manufacturer, 48 bits in length, typically written in hexadecimal format.
IP Address serves as the logical address, necessary for identifying devices on a network.

Physical Addresses

Stored in Network Interface Cards (NIC), fixed and unchangeable.
MAC addresses follow the Data Link Layer standard and are essential for Ethernet networking.

Logical Addresses

IP Addresses exemplify logical addressing, extensively used with the TCP/IP protocol.
Two IP versions exist:
- IPv4 uses a 32-bit addressing scheme (e.g., 192.168.16.53).
- IPv6 employs a 128-bit addressing scheme.

IP Version 4 (IPv4)

Composed of four octets (bytes), each byte ranging from 0 to 255.
The minimum IPv4 address is 0.0.0.0, and the maximum is 255.255.255.255.

Network ID and Host ID

An IP address comprises Network ID plus Host ID.
Class A (1 byte Net ID, 3 bytes Host ID), Class B (2 bytes Net ID, 2 bytes Host ID), Class C (3 bytes Net ID, 1 byte Host ID).

IPv4 Address Classes

Class D is designated for multicasting, while Class E is reserved for experimental purposes.
Private IP address ranges include:
- Class A: 10.0.0.0
- Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.0.0
- Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0

Special IP Addresses

Network Address: Designates the entire network, all host bits are 0.
Direct Broadcast Address: Targets all hosts within a specific network, all host bits are 1.
Loopback Address: Standard loopback address is 127.0.0.1 for testing.

Classful Addressing

Traditional addressing method where each class has a fixed size subnet mask.

Subnetting and Classless Addressing

Subnetting divides a single network into multiple subnets, enhancing efficiency.
Classless Addressing uses CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) and specifies variable-length subnet masking.
Example: For network 150.100.0.0/16, subnetting can create multiple subnets using bits from the host portion for subnetting.

Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)

Allows different subnets within the same network to have varying subnet masks.
More efficient for organizations with unequal device counts in different subnets.

Example of Subnetting

Block 130.34.12.64/26 can be subdivided into multiple smaller subnets using VLSM.

The Need for Multiple Subnets

An organization can require different subnet sizes for specific needs. For instance:
- 2 subnets with 64 addresses
- 3 subnets with 16 addresses
- Total subnets can exceed original class capacity through effective subnetting strategy.

Summary

Understanding TCP/IP addressing is crucial for network configuration and management.
Differentiation between MAC (physical) and IP (logical) addresses is essential.
IPv4 remains a widely utilized version while transitioning to IPv6 is underway.
Subnetting techniques like VLSM improve address efficiency and network flexibility.

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Description

This quiz covers Lecture 2 of IT2050 on Computer Networks, focusing on IP Addressing. It delves into different types of addresses including physical, logical, and port addressing, essential for understanding TCP/IP protocols.