Internet & HTTP Basics

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Questions and Answers

What does the HTTP status code 401 indicate?

The request was successful.

The resource was not found.

The user is not logged in. (correct)

Invalid data was sent.

What is the main purpose of route parameters in Express JS?

To manage middleware functions.

To show different content based on the URL. (correct)

To define static routes.

To connect to a database.

Which command is used to install Express JS?

express install

npm install express-js

npm install express (correct)

npm create express

What does the Handlebars templating engine do?

Generates HTML from templates. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the layout and view in Express JS is correct?

Layouts provide the same HTML for all pages, while views provide unique content. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an IP address?

To enable data exchange between computers Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the internet model is responsible for end-to-end communication?

Transport Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ports is true?

Port 25 is associated with email routing. Signup and view all the answers

What does the stateless nature of HTTP imply?

Each request from a client is treated independently. Signup and view all the answers

How many bytes are used in an IPv6 address?

Eight bytes Signup and view all the answers

What port is commonly used for Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?

80 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes well-known ports?

They are predefined for specific services and applications. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding broadcast addresses?

They are used to send messages to all devices on a network. Signup and view all the answers

What is required to develop static web pages?

A text editor and a browser Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge associated with static web pages?

There is a need to reload the entire page for any information change. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of developer works on the server-side of web applications?

Back-end developer Signup and view all the answers

What programming language is significant both on the client-side and server-side?

JavaScript Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic defines Node.js in web development?

It operates as a full-stack development tool. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary key in a database table?

A unique identifier for each row Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the GET method is true?

Data sent with GET appears in the URL. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two default attributes of an HTML form?

method and action Signup and view all the answers

In SQLite, what is the purpose of the INSERT command?

To add data to a table Signup and view all the answers

Which method would you use to pass sensitive information, like a password, in an HTML form?

POST Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a row in a database table?

A single record of related data Signup and view all the answers

What does the action attribute in a form specify?

The route or path to send the information to Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about debugging?

It ensures code is semantically and syntactically correct. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of GitHub Copilot?

It autocompletes code for you. Signup and view all the answers

Which service can be used for free hosting of static websites?

GitHub Pages Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use case for Amazon Web Services (AWS)?

Build modern interactive web applications Signup and view all the answers

What does TypeScript add to JavaScript?

Type safety Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of MongoDB?

It allows for noSQL data storage. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main benefits of using GitHub Pages?

It enables showcasing of projects online. Signup and view all the answers

NextJS is primarily used for which purpose?

Creating server-side rendered React applications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a benefit of using TypeScript?

It provides type definitions for JavaScript code. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Internet & HTTP

The internet is a network of networks based on TCP/IP protocols.
It works on a four-layer model: Application, Transport (TCP & UDP), Internet (IP), and Link (network access).
The internet uses RFC (Request for comments) for communication.
Every computer connected to the internet has a unique IP address for data exchange.
IPv4 uses four bytes long addresses (A.B.C.D with each value between 0 and 255).
IPv6 uses eight bytes long addresses (A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H with each value between 0 and 255).
Each IP address has 65536 ports for defining network services.
A combination of IP and a port is called a network socket.
Network addresses typically end with one or more 0s while broadcast addresses end with one or more 255s. However, this can vary depending on the network mask.
Ports 0 to 1023 are considered Well-Known Ports, with specific services like FTP, SSH, SMTP, DNS, HTTP, and HTTPS.
Ports 1024 to 49151 are Registered Ports, used by various applications like VLC Media Player, MSSQL, MySQL, etc.
Ports 49152 to 65535 are Dynamic Ports.

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

HTTP is a protocol used for exchanging information between clients and servers.
Primarily used for text communication.
Clients send requests (in text format) and receive responses from servers.
Port 80 is conventionally used for communicating with HTTP servers.
HTTP is a stateless protocol, meaning it doesn't remember previous interactions.

Static Web Pages

Developed using HTML, a description language with tags for organizing information.
Requires a text editor and browser for development and viewing.
Each time there is a change in the information, the entire page needs to be reloaded.
To improve performance, only the parts of the page that change should be reloaded.

Dynamic Web Pages

More complex than static web pages.
Data comes from databases.
Only the changed information is loaded, resulting in faster response times.

Front-end / Back-end Development

Three types of developers: Front-end, Back-end, and Full-stack.
Front-end developers focus on the user-facing parts of a website, including HTML, CSS, and client-side Javascript.
Back-end developers work on the server-side of the website, using server-side Javascript, PHP, Ruby on Rails, etc.
Full-stack developers work on both client and server sides.

Node.js

Node.js is a full-stack development tool that runs on the server side.
Uses JavaScript and can access frontend libraries and CSS frameworks.
Javascript is a significant programming language for both client and server sides.
It is an asynchronous, event-driven, object-oriented language with dynamic typing.
Node.js is a full-stack programming approach, popular among companies seeking developers.

Express JS

A web framework for Node JS, simplifying the creation of web applications.
Installed using the npm install express command.

Routes

Routes are paths to resources on a server.
Examples: /, /about, /contact.
Route handlers are functions executed when a specific route is accessed.

Route Parameters

Variable components within a URL.
Used for displaying content based on the URL.
Example: /dogs/:id can be accessed as /dogs/123, where id is 123.
Allow using the same route handler for different URLs.

Handling HTTP Status Codes

res.send('OK') for successful requests (200)
res.status(404).send('Not found') for resource not found (404)
res.status(500).send('Server error') for server errors (500).
This approach works for all status codes with res.render(), res.json(), etc.

Handlebars

A templating engine for Node JS.
Generates HTML from templates.
Enables using the same HTML with different data.
Creates dynamic web pages using Express JS.
Installed with npm install express-handlebars.

Layout & View

Layout refers to the common HTML code used for all pages.
View refers to the unique content specific to each page.

SQLite

A database system used for storing information for web applications.
Enables storing data like users, products, etc.

SQLite Basics

Table: A collection of related data (e.g., dogs, cars).
Column: A property of the data in a table (e.g., id, name, breed).
Row: A single record in a table (e.g., 1, Aiko, Canaan Dog).
Primary Key: A unique identifier for each row (e.g., id).

SQLite Commands

CREATE TABLE: Creates a location for storing data.
INSERT INTO: Adds data to a table.
SELECT: Retrieves data from a table.

Forms

HTML elements for creating user interfaces to send data from clients to servers.
It is crucial to validate form data on both the client and the server side.
Forms have two standard attributes: method and action.
method determines how information is sent:
- GET: Data is included within the URL's query string (URL?name1=value1&name2=value2).
- POST: Data is sent in the body of the request.
action specifies the route or path where the information is sent.
Forms can incorporate various fields like text, textarea, radio buttons, etc.
Forms include a "submit" button within them.

Forms with Node & Express

GET: Data is passed in the URL, making it unsuitable for sensitive information like passwords.
POST: Data is transmitted in the request body, suitable for sensitive information.

Forms Summary

Forms have method and action attributes.
method can be GET (data passed in URL) or POST (data passed in request body).
GET is unsuitable for sensitive data, while POST is secure for sensitive information.

Debugging

Debugging involves identifying and fixing errors in code.
Code must be both syntactically and semantically correct to function as intended.
In Javascript, code execution is non-blocking.

GitHub Copilot

An AI pair programmer that helps with writing code.
Supports code completion, error fixing, and documentation generation.

Deployment

Publishing an application online for public access.
Allows sharing projects, getting feedback, and showcasing skills.

GitHub Pages

Free hosting platform for static websites.
Supports websites with HTML, CSS, and Javascript, without a backend.
Suitable for showcasing projects, portfolios, and blogs.

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Hosting platform for diverse applications, including full-stack projects, databases, and AI models.
Offers services like EC2 (virtual servers), S3 (object storage), and RDS (managed databases).

Next Steps

React / NextJS: Build modern, interactive web applications.
TypeScript: Enhance code safety and maintainability.
MongoDB: Employ a scalable NoSQL database for applications.

React / NextJS

React: Library for building user interfaces with Javascript.
NextJS: Framework for creating React applications.
Used for modern web applications, static websites, and server-side rendered websites.

TypeScript

Superset of Javascript offering optional static typing.
Enhances code safety, maintainability, and developer experience.

MongoDB

NoSQL database for handling data storage and retrieval in modern applications.
Supports scaling and integration with various programming languages like Node.js and Python.

Future of Web Development

Continuously evolving with new technologies and trends.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of the Internet and HTTP in this quiz. Learn about the TCP/IP model, IP addressing, and the significance of ports in network communications. Test your knowledge on IPv4 and IPv6, including how network sockets function.