ISO 45001 Occupational Health and Safety

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of ISO 45001?

To establish a reactive approach focused on hazard controls

To define the legal obligations of organizations regarding environmental management

To provide a framework for managing risks and improving OH&S performance (correct)

To limit the scope of health and safety management systems within an organization

Which clause of ISO 45001 addresses the internal and external context of the organization?

Clause 5 - Leadership

Clause 4 - Context of the Organization (correct)

Clause 1 - Scope

Clause 7 - Support

What is a key difference between ISO 45001 and OSHAS 18001?

OSHAS 18001 is a proactive standard focused on managing risks.

OSHAS 18001 emphasizes a proactive approach to risk management. (correct)

ISO 45001 adopts a reactive approach primarily concerned with legal compliance.

ISO 45001 is focused solely on hazard control.

Which clause of ISO 45001 includes the planning for achieving OH&S objectives?

Clause 6 - Planning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following benefits is NOT associated with ISO 14001?

Enhances productivity through hazard controls Signup and view all the answers

Which clause of ISO 45001 establishes the roles, responsibilities, and authorities within an organization?

Clause 5 - Leadership Signup and view all the answers

Which methodology is utilized by ISO 45001 for continuous improvement?

PDCA cycle Signup and view all the answers

What does Clause 9 of ISO 45001 focus on?

Performance evaluation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ISO 45001, who are considered internal stakeholders?

Workers, managers, and contractors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the planning phase in ISO 45001?

Assessing risks and creating objectives for OH&S Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an audit plan?

To provide systematic scheduling and implementation of an audit Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a Non-Conformity Report (NCR)?

A record of any deviation from the ISO Management System Signup and view all the answers

What does ISO 9001 emphasize for an organization?

Fulfilling customer requirements and maintaining documentation Signup and view all the answers

How long is the recommended timeline for closing a Non-Conformity Report (NCR)?

90 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between compliance and conformity?

Compliance means adhering to regulations, whereas conformity means following an internal system. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of an Integrated Management System (IMS)?

Increased redundancy Signup and view all the answers

What does ANSI Z10 relate to?

Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems Signup and view all the answers

Which clause would be involved in the planning phase of an Integrated Management System?

Context of Organization Signup and view all the answers

What is a major deviation in the context of an NCR?

A significant non-compliance with established standards Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Lead Auditor in the audit process?

To create the audit plan Signup and view all the answers

Which technique utilizes a Top-Down approach to analyze an event?

Fault Tree Analysis Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym RPN stand for in the context of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis?

Risk Priority Number Signup and view all the answers

In HAZOP studies, which of the following best describes the type of analysis applied?

Qualitative and inductive Signup and view all the answers

What type of approach does Event Tree Analysis follow?

Forward Approach Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key element in the calculation of risk in FMEA?

Likelihood, Severity, and Detectability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of MORT in accident investigations?

Management failures Signup and view all the answers

Which gate in Fault Tree Analysis allows for an event to occur if at least one sub-event occurs?

Or Gate Signup and view all the answers

Which process analysis involves using guide words along with process parameters?

HAZOP Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the theories mentioned that pertains to accidents in safety management?

Dominos Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between near misses and safety indicators?

Near misses are leading indicators and near miss reporting is also leading. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ISO 45001-OHSMS

Provides a framework for organizations to manage occupational health and safety (OH&S) risks and improve performance.
Based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle.
Consists of 10 clauses, each addressing a specific aspect of OH&S.

Clauses

Clause 1 - Scope: Defines the boundaries and applicability of the OSH management system within the organization.
Clause 2 - Normative References: Includes relevant standards, documents, or regulations.
Clause 3 - Terms and Definitions: Defines key terms and concepts used in the OSH management system.
Clause 4 - Context of the Organisation: Explains internal issues (products, services, people, knowledge, processes, systems, strategic directions) and external issues (cultural, social, political, financial, economic). This includes SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). Also covers interested parties (internal and external).
Clause 5 - Leadership: Details leadership and commitment, OH&S policy, and organisational roles, responsibilities, and authorities.
Clause 6 - Planning: Outlines actions to address risks and opportunities, as well as OH&S objectives and plans to achieve them.
Clause 7 - Support: Covers resources, communication, awareness, competence, and documented information.
Clause 8 - Operations: Explains operational planning and control (e.g. SOPs), emergency preparedness, and response.
Clause 9 - Performance Evaluation: Includes monitoring, measurement, analysis, and performance evaluation, internal audits, and management reviews.
Clause 10 - Improvement: Outlines areas for improvement and the culture of continual improvement.

Other ISO Standards

ISO 14001 (EMS): Focuses on environmental management systems. Benefits include improved environmental impact, meeting legal obligations, reducing waste, cost-effectiveness, improving resource efficiency, and increasing new business opportunities.
ISO 9001 (QMS): Focuses on quality management systems. Benefits include increased new business opportunities, continual process improvements, and cost savings.
ISO 19011: Provides guidance for auditing management systems.

OHSAS 18001

British Standard, reactive approach, focuses on hazard control.

Audit Terminologies

Audit Scope: The boundaries of an audit.
Audit Plan: The systematic scheduling and implementation plan for an audit.
Audit Objective: The goal of the audit (e.g., certification, legal purposes).
Audit Criteria: The standards used for the audit (e.g., ISO, ANZI).
Audit Programme: Detailed specifications of the audit.
Non-Conformity (NCR): Deviation from a standard.
Compliance vs. Conformity: Non-conformity is not following part of the system, non-compliance is not following laws, regulations, or contracts.
Major vs Minor NCR: Major deviates significantly from the standard; minor deviates slightly.

Corrective Action Plans (CAPs)

Documents responsible actions, timeframes, to correct a nonconformity.
Can be mandatory or recommendations.

Safety Audit and Inspection

Timeline for Closing an NCR: Usually 90 days.

Safety Techniques

FTA (Fault Tree Analysis): Forward approach; inductive analysis. Used for accident investigations to establish the efficiency of a system.
ETA (Event Tree Analysis): Forward approach; inductive analysis, used to ascertain efficiency by evaluating the reliability of a system.
BOW Tie: Combines cause and consequence-based approaches, focusing on system reliability.
FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis): Forward and bottom-up approach; inductive analysis. Assesses the possible risks of failure. Risk Priority Number (RPN).
FMECA (Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis): Failure modes; effects, and criticality analysis, used to assess the risk importance in operations.
HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study): Identifies potential hazards and operational problems in a process using guide words.

Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT)

Used for accident investigations, often related to management failures. Similar to FTA.

Near Miss Reporting

Near miss reporting is a leading indicator (anticipating problems), though the near miss itself is a lagging indicator (problem already occurred).

Safety Theories

Domino Theory (Heinrich): Explains the progression of accidents as a chain of events. Heinrich is considered the father of safety.

Motivational and Personnel Theories

McGregor Theory X and Y: X views workers as unmotivated by nature, Y views workers as motivated by nature.
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory: Motivational and hygiene factors influence workers' motivation.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Prioritizes needs for motivation (physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization).

OSHA Data

OSHA Incident Rate calculation: (No. of recordable injuries x 200,000) / Total Manhours worked.

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Description

This quiz covers the ISO 45001 standard for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems. It explains the framework used to manage OH&S risks and the significance of each of the 10 clauses within the standard. Test your understanding of the key concepts, terms, and organizational context related to OH&S management.