ISO 45001 Occupational Health and Safety

ISO 45001-OHSMS

• Provides a framework for organizations to manage occupational health and safety (OH&S) risks and improve performance.
• Based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle.
• Consists of 10 clauses, each addressing a specific aspect of OH&S.

Clauses

• Clause 1 - Scope: Defines the boundaries and applicability of the OSH management system within the organization.
• Clause 2 - Normative References: Includes relevant standards, documents, or regulations.
• Clause 3 - Terms and Definitions: Defines key terms and concepts used in the OSH management system.
• Clause 4 - Context of the Organisation: Explains internal issues (products, services, people, knowledge, processes, systems, strategic directions) and external issues (cultural, social, political, financial, economic). This includes SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). Also covers interested parties (internal and external).
• Clause 5 - Leadership: Details leadership and commitment, OH&S policy, and organisational roles, responsibilities, and authorities.
• Clause 6 - Planning: Outlines actions to address risks and opportunities, as well as OH&S objectives and plans to achieve them.
• Clause 7 - Support: Covers resources, communication, awareness, competence, and documented information.
• Clause 8 - Operations: Explains operational planning and control (e.g. SOPs), emergency preparedness, and response.
• Clause 9 - Performance Evaluation: Includes monitoring, measurement, analysis, and performance evaluation, internal audits, and management reviews.
• Clause 10 - Improvement: Outlines areas for improvement and the culture of continual improvement.

Other ISO Standards

• ISO 14001 (EMS): Focuses on environmental management systems. Benefits include improved environmental impact, meeting legal obligations, reducing waste, cost-effectiveness, improving resource efficiency, and increasing new business opportunities.
• ISO 9001 (QMS): Focuses on quality management systems. Benefits include increased new business opportunities, continual process improvements, and cost savings.
• ISO 19011: Provides guidance for auditing management systems.

OHSAS 18001

• British Standard, reactive approach, focuses on hazard control.

Audit Terminologies

• Audit Scope: The boundaries of an audit.
• Audit Plan: The systematic scheduling and implementation plan for an audit.
• Audit Objective: The goal of the audit (e.g., certification, legal purposes).
• Audit Criteria: The standards used for the audit (e.g., ISO, ANZI).
• Audit Programme: Detailed specifications of the audit.
• Non-Conformity (NCR): Deviation from a standard.
• Compliance vs. Conformity: Non-conformity is not following part of the system, non-compliance is not following laws, regulations, or contracts.
• Major vs Minor NCR: Major deviates significantly from the standard; minor deviates slightly.

Corrective Action Plans (CAPs)

• Documents responsible actions, timeframes, to correct a nonconformity.
• Can be mandatory or recommendations.

Safety Audit and Inspection

• Timeline for Closing an NCR: Usually 90 days.

Safety Techniques

• FTA (Fault Tree Analysis): Forward approach; inductive analysis. Used for accident investigations to establish the efficiency of a system.
• ETA (Event Tree Analysis): Forward approach; inductive analysis, used to ascertain efficiency by evaluating the reliability of a system.
• BOW Tie: Combines cause and consequence-based approaches, focusing on system reliability.
• FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis): Forward and bottom-up approach; inductive analysis. Assesses the possible risks of failure. Risk Priority Number (RPN).
• FMECA (Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis): Failure modes; effects, and criticality analysis, used to assess the risk importance in operations.
• HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study): Identifies potential hazards and operational problems in a process using guide words.

Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT)

• Used for accident investigations, often related to management failures. Similar to FTA.

Near Miss Reporting

• Near miss reporting is a leading indicator (anticipating problems), though the near miss itself is a lagging indicator (problem already occurred).

Safety Theories

• Domino Theory (Heinrich): Explains the progression of accidents as a chain of events. Heinrich is considered the father of safety.

Motivational and Personnel Theories

• McGregor Theory X and Y: X views workers as unmotivated by nature, Y views workers as motivated by nature.
• Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory: Motivational and hygiene factors influence workers' motivation.
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Prioritizes needs for motivation (physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization).

OSHA Data

• OSHA Incident Rate calculation: (No. of recordable injuries x 200,000) / Total Manhours worked.

This quiz covers the ISO 45001 standard for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems. It explains the framework used to manage OH&S risks and the significance of each of the 10 clauses within the standard. Test your understanding of the key concepts, terms, and organizational context related to OH&S management.