ISO 45001 and OHS Management Quiz

ISO 45001 - OHSMS

• Provides a framework for organizations to manage health and safety risks and improve performance.
• Based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle.
• Consists of 10 clauses, each addressing specific aspects of OH&S.

Clauses

• Clause 1 - Scope: Defines the boundaries and applicability of the OSH management system within the organization.

• Clause 2 - Normative References: Includes standards, documents, or regulations.

• Clause 3 - Terms and Definitions: Provides clear definitions of key terms.

• Clause 4 - Context of the Organization: Details internal and external issues affecting the organization, including products, services, people, knowledge, processes, systems, activities, and strategic directions. Considers cultural, social, political, financial and economic factors.

• SWOT Analysis: Considers internal Strengths and Weaknesses, and external Opportunities and Threats (SWOT).

• Interested Parties: Identifies internal stakeholders (workers, managers, contractors, suppliers, clients) and external stakeholders (consumers, regulators, media, communities, public).

• Clause 5 - Leadership: Includes leadership and commitment, OH&S policy, and organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities.

• Clause 6 - Planning: Includes actions to address risks and opportunities, OH&S objectives, and planning to achieve those objectives.

• Clause 7 - Support: Covers resources, communication, awareness, competence, and documented information.

• Clause 8 - Operation: Includes operational planning and control (SOPs), emergency preparedness and response.

• Clause 9 - Performance Evaluation: Contains monitoring, measurement, analysis, performance evaluation, internal audits, and management review.

• Clause 10 - Improvement: Covers areas for improvement, and a culture of continual improvement.

Other Related Standards

• ISO 14001 (EMS): Focuses on environmental management.
• ISO 9001 (QMS): Focuses on quality management.
• OSHAS 18001: British Standard, concerned with hazard controls.
• ISO 19011: Guidelines for auditing.
• ISO 31001 (Risk Management): Risk management guidance standard.
• ISO 22001 (FSMS): Food safety management system standard.
• ANSI Z10: American National Standards Institute guidance on occupational safety and health management systems

Audit Terminologies

• Audit Scope: The boundaries of the audit, what processes to be covered.
• Audit Plan: Plan used for systematic scheduling and implementing the audit and includes who, what, when, where, and why.
• Audit Objective: The goal of the audit, such as legal or certification purposes.
• Audit Criteria: Standards and references against which the audit is performed (e.g., ISO standards or company policies).
• Audit Programme: detailed scope of the audit activities
• NCR: Non-Conformity Report- details any observed non-conformity
• Compliance vs. Conformity: Non-conformity - not following a part of the ISO Management System; Non-compliance - not following a law, regulation or contract

Safety Audit/Inspection

• Corrective Action Plan: Identifies the corrective actions and responsibilities for doing action items that are part of the audit plan, defines responsibility and time frames for each action item.
• Internal and External Audits: Details the different types of audits.
• System Safety Techniques: Discusses methods like FTA, BOW Tie, and FMEA.
• FTA (Fault Tree Analysis): A forward and bottom-up approach for analyzing accident consequences, inductive in nature
• FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis): Identifies potential failures, their modes and effects, used to prioritize risk.
• HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study): Analyzes process parameters and guide words to identify and assess potential hazards and deviations

Management Oversight and Risk Tree

• MORT Used for accident investigations where management failure could be a factor or a contributing cause or an error in management practices.

Theories

• Heinrich's Domino Theory/Factors: Identifies the series of events leading to an accident.
• McGregor's Theory X and Y: Explains worker attitudes toward work.
• Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory: Differentiates hygiene and motivational factors affecting worker satisfaction.
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Defines human needs in a hierarchy, from basic to higher-level ones

Other Information

• OSHA Incident Rate: Measures workplace injuries and incidents using a formula.
• Near Miss Reporting: Identifying near misses is a leading indicator of potential incidents.