IPC Final Exam Quiz: Solids, Liquids, Gases Review

Study Notes

Kinetic theory is a key concept in understanding Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Melting and boiling points are important temperatures to know for different substances
Heat of fusion and vaporization are types of energy transfers related to phase changes
Sublimation is the process of a solid changing directly into a gas
Plasma is a high-energy state of matter
Thermal expansion is the increase in volume of a substance with an increase in temperature
Buoyancy and pressure are related to fluids
Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow
Boyle's and Charles's laws are important gas laws to know

A substance is a pure sample of matter with fixed composition
Elements are the simplest form of matter with unique properties
Compounds are composed of two or more different elements
Mixtures are composed of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Suspensions and colloids are types of heterogeneous mixtures
The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by small particles
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures with uniform composition
Physical changes involve a change in state, but not composition
Chemical properties are characteristics of a substance that describe its ability to undergo a specific chemical change
Chemical changes involve a change in composition

Metals are a class of elements with characteristic properties
Malleability is the ability of a metal to be shaped into thin sheets
Ductility is the ability of a metal to be stretched into thin wires
Metallic bonding is the type of bonding that occurs between metal atoms
Radioactive elements are unstable and undergo radioactive decay
Transition elements are metals that can form ions with different charges
Nonmetals are a class of elements with different properties
Metalloids are elements that exhibit intermediate properties between metals and nonmetals
Allotropes are different forms of an element with different physical properties
Semiconductors are materials with intermediate conductivity between metals and nonmetals

Chemical formulas are used to represent the composition of a compound
Chemical bonds are the attractive forces that hold atoms together
Ions are atoms or groups of atoms with an electric charge
Ionic and covalent bonds are two types of chemical bonds
Molecules are groups of atoms bonded together
Polar and nonpolar bonds/molecules have different properties
Oxidation number is a number that represents the number of electrons gained or lost by an atom
Binary compounds are composed of two different elements
Hydrates are compounds that contain water molecules
Chemical reactions involve the transformation of one or more substances into new substances
Chemical equations are representations of chemical reactions
Coefficients are used to balance chemical equations
Moles and molar mass are used to quantify the amount of a substance
Types of reactions include combustion, single displacement, and others